ReviewMucosal immunology2021
The intestinal neuro-immune axis: crosstalk between neurons, immune cells, and microbes.
Review in Mucosal immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 196 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
196 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 270 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurotransmitter-mediated gut-brain axis: a bibliometric analysis of research trends and knowledge structure.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Mendelian Randomization Analysis Reveals a Complex Genetic Interplay among Atopic Dermatitis, Asthma, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A yeast-derived postbiotic fermentate rapidly modulates inflammatory cytokines and immune surveillance markers in healthy adults: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Exploring choices of early nutritional support for patients with sepsis based on changes in intestinal microecology.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Gut-Brain-Skin Axis: From Mechanistic Insights to Translational Applications in Neurocosmetics.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Integrating Genetics With Epidemiological Measurements Identifies Burden QTLs of Inflammatory Bowel Disease across 20 Countries.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Linking Physiology and Inflammation in Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Neural modulation of ocular immunity: Exploring a sympathetic-macrophage neuroimmune link in the human ciliary body.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Sex- and menopause-related differences in immune and gastrointestinal symptom architecture in ME/CFS: evidence from factor analysis and structural equation modeling.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of acute intranasal allergen exposure on resident immune cells and sensory neurons in the mouse olfactory epithelium.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Association between residential greenness and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with COVID-19: A Korean nationwide cohort study.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association · 2026Article
- Targeting the neuro-immune axis: immunological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in male sexual dysfunction.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Neuronal responses to cytokines limit intestinal hypermotility and systemic effects of colonic inflammation.iScience · 2026Article
- Neural cues differentially modulate colorectal cancer cell behavior depending on patients' genomic background.iScience · 2026Article
- The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) as a means of neuro-immune cross-conversation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Review
136 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is densely innervated by a complex network of neurons that coordinate critical physiological functions. Here, we summarize recent studies investigating the crosstalk between gut-innervating neurons, resident immune cells, and epithelial cells at homeostasis and during infection, food allergy, and inflammatory bowel disease. We introduce the neuroanatomy of the gastrointestinal tract, detailing gut-extrinsic neuron populations from the spinal cord and brain stem, and neurons of the intrinsic enteric nervous system. We highlight the roles these neurons play in regulating the functions of innate immune cells, adaptive immune cells, and intestinal epithelial cells. We discuss the consequences of such signaling for mucosal immunity. Finally, we discuss how the intestinal microbiota is integrated into the neuro-immune axis by tuning neuronal and immune interactions. Understanding the molecular events governing the intestinal neuro-immune signaling axes will enhance our knowledge of physiology and may provide novel therapeutic targets to treat inflammatory diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.