ArticleScientific reports2021
Coinfection of porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus increases disease severity, cell trophism and earlier upregulation of IFN-α and IL12.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- First Evidence of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus and African Swine Fever Virus Natural Co-Infection in Pigs from Karnataka, India: An Epidemiological Investigation.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Identification and characterization of a novel linear B-cell epitope on nucleocapsid protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Feeding Sows with Multi-Species Probiotics During Late Pregnancy and the Lactating Period Influences IgA Concentration in Colostrum and Subsequently Increases the Survival Rate of Piglets in Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Outbreak Herd.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Coinfection and nonrandom recombination drive the evolution of swine enteric coronaviruses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- The development of a lateral flow immunochromatographic test strip for measurement of specific IgA and IgG antibodies level against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in pig milk.The veterinary quarterly · 2024Article
- Development and Application of an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on a Recombinant Matrix Protein for the Serological Study of Porcine Deltacoronavirus in Mexican Pigs.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- Evolution and virulence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus following in vitro and in vivo propagation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Establishment and application of a TaqMan-based multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of three porcine diarrhea viruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Development of a TaqMan-based multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Transcriptome Analysis of LLC-PK Cells Single or Coinfected with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Deltacoronavirus.Viruses · 2023Article
- Attenuation of a Highly Pathogenic Porcine Deltacoronavirus Strain CZ2020 by a Serial PassageTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
- A Quadruplex qRT-PCR for Differential Detection of Four Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Co-infection of porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces early TRAF6-mediated NF-κB and IRF7 signaling pathways through TLRs.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Characterization of the Subclinical Infection of Porcine Deltacoronavirus in Grower Pigs under Experimental Conditions.Viruses · 2022Article
- Study of the effect of intestinal immunity in neonatal piglets coinfected with porcine deltacoronavirus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.Archives of virology · 2022Article
- A Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals That HSP90AB1 Is Involved in the Immune and Inflammatory Responses to Porcine Deltacoronavirus Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Porcine Deltacoronaviruses: Origin, Evolution, Cross-Species Transmission and Zoonotic Potential.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- An Updated Review of Porcine Deltacoronavirus in Terms of Prevalence, Pathogenicity, Pathogenesis and Antiviral Strategy.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) cause an enteric disease characterized by diarrhea clinically indistinguishable. Both viruses are simultaneously detected in clinical cases, but a study involving the co-infection has not been reported. The study was therefore conducted to investigate the disease severity following a co-infection with PEDV and PDCoV. In the study, 4-day-old pigs were orally inoculated with PEDV and PDCoV, either alone or in combination. Following challenge, fecal score was monitored on a daily basis. Fecal swabs were collected and assayed for the presence of viruses. Three pigs per group were necropsied at 3 and 5 days post inoculation (dpi). Microscopic lesions and villous height to crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio, together with the presence of PEDV and PDCoV antigens, were evaluated in small intestinal tissues. Expressions of interferon alpha (IFN-α) and interleukin 12 (IL12) were investigated in small intestinal mucosa. The findings indicated that coinoculation increased the disease severity, demonstrated by significantly prolonged fecal score and virus shedding and decreasing VH:CD ratio in the jejunum compared with pigs inoculated with either PEDV or PDCoV alone. Notably, in single-inoculated groups, PEDV and PDCoV antigens were detected only in villous enterocytes wile in the coinoculated group, PDCoV antigen was detected in both villous enterocytes and crypts. IFN-α and IL12 were significantly up-regulated in coinoculated groups in comparison with single-inoculated groups. In conclusion, co-infection with PEDV and PDCoV exacerbate clinical signs and have a synergetic on the regulatory effect inflammatory cytokines compared to a single infection with either virus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.