ArticleScientific reports2021
Evaluation of an in vitro assay to screen for the immunotoxic potential of chemicals to fish.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Addressing Immune Response Dysfunction in an Integrated Approach for Testing and Assessment for Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens in Humans: A Targeted Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mitigating potential of Malva parviflora leaves against Polyram DF (dry flowable) toxicity in Nile tilapia: immune/apoptotic markers, biochemical, antioxidant, and histopathological insights.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2025Article
- Mitigation of cadmium toxicity in African catfish using biological Nano chitosan: insights into biochemical, genotoxic, and histopathological effects.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Toxicological insight of metiram: immuno-oxidative, neuro-behavioral, and hemato-biochemical changes during acute exposure of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Assessing Fish Immunotoxicity by Means ofFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A wide variety of environmental contaminants has been shown to disrupt immune functions of fish and may compromise their defense capability against pathogens. Immunotoxic effects, however, are rarely considered in ecotoxicological testing strategies. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the suitability of an in vitro immuno-assay using selected fish immune parameters to screen for chemicals with known immunotoxic potential and to differentiate them from non-immunotoxicants. Non-stimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated head kidney leukocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed for 3 h or 19 h to chemicals with different modes of action. As immune parameters, phagocytosis activity, oxidative burst activity and cytokine transcription (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-10) were examined, accompanied by in silico modelling. The immunotoxicants dexamethasone, benzo(a)pyrene, ethinylestradiol and bisphenol A significantly altered the immune parameters at non-cytotoxic concentrations whereas diclofenac had only weak effects. However, the two baseline chemicals with no known immunotoxic potential, butanol and ethylene glycol, caused significant effects, too. From our results it appears that the in vitro fish leukocyte assay as performed in the present study has only a limited capacity for discriminating between immunotoxicants and non-immunotoxicants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.