ArticleScientific reports2021
Estimated seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among adults in Orange County, California.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serological evidence of human infection with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Pooled it
- Agreement between seroprevalence- and model-based estimates of COVID-19 burden.Global health action · 2026Article
- Article
- Sero-prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Ethiopia: Results of the National Population Based Survey, 2021.PloS one · 2025Article
- Remote school instruction in Fall 2020 and psychiatric emergencies among adolescents in Los Angeles County.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Machine Learning Classification of Time since BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccination Based on Array-Measured Antibody Activity.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in a health care worker population during the early pandemic.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Accounting for assay performance when estimating the temporal dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the U.S.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Semi-parametric modeling of SARS-CoV-2 transmission using tests, cases, deaths, and seroprevalence data.ArXiv · 2023Article
- Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalisation, intensive care admission, and death: a global systematic review and meta-analysis of over 200 million study participants.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 Positivity by Ethnicity in Los Angeles.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2022Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 active infection prevalence and seroprevalence in the adult population of St. Louis County.Annals of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Serology as a Tool to Assess Infectious Disease Landscapes and Guide Public Health Policy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effect of socioeconomic factors during the early COVID-19 pandemic: a spatial analysis.BMC public health · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Period Seroprevalence and Related Factors, Hillsborough County, Florida, USA, October 2020-March 2021.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- State-wide random seroprevalence survey of SARS-CoV-2 past infection in a southern US State, 2020.PloS one · 2022Article
- Missing science: A scoping study of COVID-19 epidemiological data in the United States.PloS one · 2022Article
- Accuracy of Case-Based Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Maricopa County, Arizona.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Orange County, California COVID-19 Vaccine Equity Best Practices Checklist: A Community-Centered Call to Action for Equitable Vaccination Practices.Health equity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinic-based estimates of SARS-CoV-2 may considerably underestimate the total number of infections. Access to testing in the US has been heterogeneous and symptoms vary widely in infected persons. Public health surveillance efforts and metrics are therefore hampered by underreporting. We set out to provide a minimally biased estimate of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among adults for a large and diverse county (Orange County, CA, population 3.2 million). We implemented a surveillance study that minimizes response bias by recruiting adults to answer a survey without knowledge of later being offered SARS-CoV-2 test. Several methodologies were used to retrieve a population-representative sample. Participants (n = 2979) visited one of 11 drive-thru test sites from July 10th to August 16th, 2020 (or received an in-home visit) to provide a finger pin-prick sample. We applied a robust SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Microarray technology, which has superior measurement validity relative to FDA-approved tests. Participants include a broad age, gender, racial/ethnic, and income representation. Adjusted seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 11.5% (95% CI: 10.5-12.4%). Formal bias analyses produced similar results. Prevalence was elevated among Hispanics (vs. other non-Hispanic: prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.47, 95% CI 1.22-1.78) and household income < $50,000 (vs. > $100,000: PR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.79). Results from a diverse population using a highly specific and sensitive microarray indicate a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of ~ 12 percent. This population-based seroprevalence is seven-fold greater than that using official County statistics. In this region, SARS-CoV-2 also disproportionately affects Hispanic and low-income adults.
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