ArticleScientific reports2021
Development, characterization, and applications of multi-material stereolithography bioprinting.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- 3D Printing of Bone Substitutes Based on Vat Photopolymerization Processes: A Systematic Review.Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Challenges and opportunities in generating microvasculature using bioprinting techniques.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Multifunctional Hydrogel-Based Scaffolds: Integrating Conductive Nanomaterials for Smart Wound Healing Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Soft Robotics and Advanced Technologies for Minimally Invasive Bioprinting: The Future of Internal Organ Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Acoustic Bioprinting: A Glimpse Into an Emerging Field.Small methods · 2026Review
- Ultra-Short Peptide Hydrogels as 3D Bioprinting Materials.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- High-Resolution Heterogeneous Hydrogel Printing Using a Home Projector.Small methods · 2025Article
- 3D Bioprinted Neural Tissues: Emerging Strategies for Regeneration and Disease Modeling.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Strategies for the vascular patterning of engineered tissues for organ repair.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- Multi-material Gradient Printing Using Meniscus-enabled Projection Stereolithography (MAPS).Advanced materials technologies · 2025Article
- Lung-on-a-chip: From design principles to disease applications.Biomicrofluidics · 2025Review
- Light-based fabrication and 4D customization of hydrogel biomaterials.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2025Article
- Lithography-based 3D printing of hydrogels.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2025Article
- Advances in 3D bioprinting to enhance translational applications in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Histology and histopathology · 2025Review
- Aerogels Based on Chitosan and Collagen Modified with FePolymers · 2025Article
- Recapitulating the bone extracellular matrix through 3D bioprinting using various crosslinking chemistries.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Engineering Biomimetic Microvascular Capillary Networks in Hydrogel Fibrous Scaffolds via Microfluidics-Assisted Co-Axial Wet-Spinning.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Commercially available bioinks and state-of-the-art lab-made formulations for bone tissue engineering: A comprehensive review.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Multimaterial Thermoset Synthesis: Switching Polymerization Mechanism with Light Dosage.ACS central science · 2024Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As a 3D bioprinting technique, hydrogel stereolithography has historically been limited in its ability to capture the spatial heterogeneity that permeates mammalian tissues and dictates structure-function relationships. This limitation stems directly from the difficulty of preventing unwanted material mixing when switching between different liquid bioinks. Accordingly, we present the development, characterization, and application of a multi-material stereolithography bioprinter that provides controlled material selection, yields precise regional feature alignment, and minimizes bioink mixing. Fluorescent tracers were first used to highlight the broad design freedoms afforded by this fabrication strategy, complemented by morphometric image analysis to validate architectural fidelity. To evaluate the bioactivity of printed gels, 344SQ lung adenocarcinoma cells were printed in a 3D core/shell architecture. These cells exhibited native phenotypic behavior as evidenced by apparent proliferation and formation of spherical multicellular aggregates. Cells were also printed as pre-formed multicellular aggregates, which appropriately developed invasive protrusions in response to hTGF-β1. Finally, we constructed a simplified model of intratumoral heterogeneity with two separate sub-populations of 344SQ cells, which together grew over 14 days to form a dense regional interface. Together, these studies highlight the potential of multi-material stereolithography to probe heterotypic interactions between distinct cell types in tissue-specific microenvironments.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.