ArticleScientific reports2021
Contactless analysis of heart rate variability during cold pressor test using radar interferometry and bidirectional LSTM networks.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contactless Technologies, Sensors, and Systems for Cardiac and Respiratory Measurement during Sleep: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- Challenges of Standard Pediatric Epilepsy Monitoring and the Potential Benefits of Contactless Sensor Technologies: Exploratory Qualitative Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Beyond the Cuff: State-of-the-Art on Cuffless Blood Pressure Monitoring.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Optimization of potential targets for antidepressant Chinese medicines: AI and multi-omics methods.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Smart furniture using radar technology for cardiac health monitoring.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Contactless radar-based heart rate estimation in palliative care - a feasibility study and possible use in symptom management.BMC palliative care · 2024Article
- Model-based estimation of heart movements using microwave Doppler radar sensor.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2024Article
- A Review and Tutorial on Machine Learning-Enabled Radar-Based Biomedical Monitoring.IEEE open journal of engineering in medicine and biology · 2024Article
- EmRad: Ubiquitous Vital Sign Sensing Using Compact Continuous-Wave Radars.IEEE open journal of engineering in medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Palliative care and new technologies. The use of smart sensor technologies and its impact on the Total Care principle.BMC palliative care · 2023Review
- Article
- From luxury to necessity: Progress of touchless interaction technology.Technology in society · 2021Article
- Article
- Wireless Heart Rate Variability in Assessing Community COVID-19.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Contactless measurement of heart rate variability (HRV), which reflects changes of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and provides crucial information on the health status of a person, would provide great benefits for both patients and doctors during prevention and aftercare. However, gold standard devices to record the HRV, such as the electrocardiograph, have the common disadvantage that they need permanent skin contact with the patient. Being connected to a monitoring device by cable reduces the mobility, comfort, and compliance by patients. Here, we present a contactless approach using a 24 GHz Six-Port-based radar system and an LSTM network for radar heart sound segmentation. The best scores are obtained using a two-layer bidirectional LSTM architecture. To verify the performance of the proposed system not only in a static measurement scenario but also during a dynamic change of HRV parameters, a stimulation of the ANS through a cold pressor test is integrated in the study design. A total of 638 minutes of data is gathered from 25 test subjects and is analysed extensively. High F-scores of over 95% are achieved for heartbeat detection. HRV indices such as HF norm are extracted with relative errors around 5%. Our proposed approach is capable to perform contactless and convenient HRV monitoring and is therefore suitable for long-term recordings in clinical environments and home-care scenarios.
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