ArticleNature communications2021
Recognition of non-CpG repeats in Alu and ribosomal RNAs by the Z-RNA binding domain of ADAR1 induces A-Z junctions.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- ADAR1-circRAB5A-BIP axis governs radiotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer through coordinating protective autophagy and apoptosis.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Article
- ZBP1 specifically binds pre-formed Z-RNA, limiting its potential pool of nucleic acid ligands compared to ADAR1.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- ZBP1 in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration: Z-Nucleic-Acid Sensing, RHIM Signalling and Therapeutic Targeting.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Zα and Zβ domains of ADAR1 and ZBP1 bind G-quadruplexes with nanomolar affinities, establishing Zβ as a G-quadruplex-specific domain.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Structural and mechanistic basis of ADAR1-mediated RNA editing and immune regulation.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Two codes of RNA editing by deamination in human diseases.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The Chromaverse Is Colored by Triplexes Formed Through the Interactions of Noncoding RNAs with HNPRNPU, TP53, AGO, REL Proteins, Intrinsically-Disordered Regions, and Flipons.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- MYC drives left-handed Z-DNA formation to shape gene expression.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The evolutionary entanglement of flipons with zinc fingers and retroelements has engendered a large family of Z-DNA and G-quadruplex binding proteins.Open biology · 2025Article
- Manipulating DNA and RNA structures via click-to-release caged nucleic acids for biological and biomedical applications.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Zα and Zβ Localize ADAR1 to Flipons That Modulate Innate Immunity, Alternative Splicing, and Nonsynonymous RNA Editing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Flipons enable genomes to learn by intermediating the exchange of energy for information.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Review
- Deciphering the mechanistic roles of ADARs in cancer pathogenesis, tumor immune evasion, and drug resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Flipons, Infections, and Amyloids that Foreshadow the Fading Memories of Alzheimer's Disease.Neuroscience insights · 2025Review
- An Investigation of RNA Methylations with Biophysical Approaches in a Cervical Cancer Cell Model.Cells · 2024Article
- Review
- Formation of left-handed helices by C2'-fluorinated nucleic acids under physiological salt conditions.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- RNA editing and immune control: from mechanism to therapy.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2024Review
- The ancient Z-DNA and Z-RNA specific Zα fold has evolved modern roles in immunity and transcription through the natural selection of flipons.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Novel insights into double-stranded RNA-mediated immunopathology.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of eukaryotic cellular RNAs is essential for protection against auto-immune disorders. Editing is carried out by ADAR1, whose innate immune response-specific cytoplasmic isoform possesses a Z-DNA binding domain (Zα) of unknown function. Zα also binds to CpG repeats in RNA, which are a hallmark of Z-RNA formation. Unexpectedly, Zα has been predicted - and in some cases even shown - to bind to specific regions within mRNA and rRNA devoid of such repeats. Here, we use NMR, circular dichroism, and other biophysical approaches to demonstrate and characterize the binding of Zα to mRNA and rRNA fragments. Our results reveal a broad range of RNA sequences that bind to Zα and adopt Z-RNA conformations. Binding is accompanied by destabilization of neighboring A-form regions which is similar in character to what has been observed for B-Z-DNA junctions. The binding of Zα to non-CpG sequences is specific, cooperative and occurs with an affinity in the low micromolar range. This work allows us to propose a model for how Zα could influence the RNA binding specificity of ADAR1.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.