ArticleNature communications2021
Engineering advanced logic and distributed computing in human CAR immune cells.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed.
- Drug-controlled CAR T cells through the regulation of cell-cell interactions.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Engineering the next generation of cellular therapies for solid tumors: multi-specific armored CARs and TME reprogramming strategies.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- CAR-T cell therapy: potential for paediatric brain tumours-an update.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Tunable universal OR-gated CAR T cells for AML.iScience · 2026Article
- Living circuit boards built by printing bacterial transistors.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Next-generation programmable cell therapies for precision medicine.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Opportunities for artificial intelligence and synthetic biology in designing living drug delivery systems.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2026Review
- Programming T cells for intercellular genome editing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- NOT-gated chimeric antigen receptor circuits in T and NK cells.Cell systems · 2026Article
- Systematic functional screening of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains identifies potent inhibitory modules for chimeric antigen receptor-T.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Article
- Viscoelastic hydrogel primed CAR-macrophage for pulmonary fibrosis treatment.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Engineering Immunity: Current Progress and Future Directions of CAR-T Cell Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Next-generation CAR-T engineering for colorectal cancer: integrating targets, tumor microenvironment barriers, and emerging strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Adapter-based allogeneic CAR T cells to overcome antigen escape in solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From inflammatory activation to fibrotic remodeling: the central role of macrophage heterogeneity in frozen shoulder.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CAR-T Cell Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- RELB Reprograms Exhausted Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Improved Adoptive Cell Therapy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The role of neoantigens and tumor mutational burden in cancer immunotherapy: advances, mechanisms, and perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- CAR-T cell therapy for cancer: current challenges and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Insights into next-generation immunotherapy designs and tools: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The immune system is a sophisticated network of different cell types performing complex biocomputation at single-cell and consortium levels. The ability to reprogram such an interconnected multicellular system holds enormous promise in treating various diseases, as exemplified by the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells as cancer therapy. However, most CAR designs lack computation features and cannot reprogram multiple immune cell types in a coordinated manner. Here, leveraging our split, universal, and programmable (SUPRA) CAR system, we develop an inhibitory feature, achieving a three-input logic, and demonstrate that this programmable system is functional in diverse adaptive and innate immune cells. We also create an inducible multi-cellular NIMPLY circuit, kill switch, and a synthetic intercellular communication channel. Our work highlights that a simple split CAR design can generate diverse and complex phenotypes and provide a foundation for engineering an immune cell consortium with user-defined functionalities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.