Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33542206›Full record

ArticleTranslational psychiatry2021

The neuroprogressive nature of major depressive disorder: evidence from an intrinsic connectome analysis.

Jin Liu, Yiming Fan, Ling-Li Zeng, Bangshan Liu, Yumeng Ju, Mi Wang, Qiangli Dong, Xiaowen Lu, Jinrong Sun, Liang Zhang and 9 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Translational psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07161492 (Individualized Dual-Target Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07161492 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Individualized Dual-Target Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Targeting Left Inferior Parietal Lobule and Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Functional Connectivity for Cognitive Flexibility Impairment in Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind-Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorSecond Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityRan2026 to 2028Enrolled105ConditionsDepressive Disorder, Major, Cognitive ImpairmentArmsRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Network homeostasis: functional brain network alterations and relapse in remitted late-life depression.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Jin Liu *Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6485-1985
Yiming Fan *College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Ling-Li ZengCollege of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0515-256X
Bangshan LiuDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Yumeng JuDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Mi WangDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Qiangli DongDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Xiaowen LuDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Jinrong SunDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Liang ZhangDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Hua GuoZhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China.
Futao ZhaoZhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China.
Weihui LiDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Li ZhangDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Zexuan LiDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Mei LiaoDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Yan ZhangDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Dewen HuCollege of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China. dwhu@nudt.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0001-7357-0053
Lingjiang LiDepartment of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. LLJ2920@csu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-8775-7852
Central South University · CNNational University of Defense Technology · CNZhumadian Central Hospital · CN

Funding

Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation 161057National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 61722313National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 81171286National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 81601180
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevailing chronic mental disorder with lifetime recurring episodes. Recurrent depression (RD) has been reported to be associated with greater severity of depression, higher relapse rate and prominent functioning impairments than first-episode depression (FED), suggesting the progressive nature of depression. However, there is still little evidence regarding brain functional connectome. In this study, 95 medication-free MDD patients (35 with FED and 60 with RD) and 111 matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. After six months of treatment with paroxetine, 56 patients achieved clinical remission and finished their second scan. Network-based statistics analysis was used to explore the changes in functional connectivity. The results revealed that, compared with HCs, patients with FED exhibited hypoconnectivity in the somatomotor, default mode and dorsal attention networks, and RD exhibited hyperconnectivity in the somatomotor, salience, executive control, default mode and dorsal attention networks, as well as within and between salience and executive control networks. Moreover, the disrupted components in patients with current MDD did not change significantly when the patients achieved remission after treatment, and sub-hyperconnectivity and sub-hypoconnectivity were still found in those with remitted RD. Additionally, the hypoconnectivity in FED and hyperconnectivity in RD were associated with the number of episodes and total illness duration. This study provides initial evidence supporting that impairment of intrinsic functional connectivity across the course of depression is a progressive process.

Indexed as

ConnectomeMajor Depressive DisorderBrainBrain MappingExecutive FunctionHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingParoxetineParoxetine

Identifiers

PMID33542206
PMCPMC7862649
OpenAlexW3127233196

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.