Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33542033›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2021

Investigation to identify individual socioeconomic and health determinants of suicidal ideation using responses to a cross-sectional, community-based public health survey.

Helen Mulholland, Jason C McIntyre, Alina Haines-Delmont, Richard Whittington, Terence Comerford, Rhiannon Corcoran

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Fostering Belonging in Autistic Individuals.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
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  7. Article
  8. Attitudes toward Transsexuality, Empathy, and Bullying in Young Population.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Helen MulhollandPrimary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK helen.mulholland@liverpool.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-6679-7257
Jason C McIntyreNatural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK.
Alina Haines-DelmontDepartment of Nursing, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6989-0943
Richard WhittingtonBrøset Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, St. Olav's Hospital and Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Terence ComerfordNational Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast (NIHR ARC NWC), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Rhiannon CorcoranPrimary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
University of Liverpool · GBLiverpool John Moores University · GBManchester Metropolitan University · GBNorwegian University of Science and Technology · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo address a gap in knowledge by simultaneously assessing a broad spectrum of individual socioeconomic and potential health determinants of suicidal ideation (SI) using validated measures in a large UK representative community sample.

designIn this cross-sectional design, participants were recruited via random area probability sampling to participate in a comprehensive public health survey. The questionnaire examined demographic, health and socioeconomic factors. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of SI.

settingCommunity setting from high (n=20) and low (n=8) deprivation neighbourhoods across the North West of England, UK.

participants4319 people were recruited between August 2015 and January 2016. There were 809 participants from low-deprivation neighbourhoods and 3510 from high-deprivation neighbourhoods. The sample comprised 1854 (43%) men and 2465 (57%) women. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: SI was the dependent variable which was assessed using item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 instrument.

results454 (11%) participants reported having SI within the last 2 weeks. Model 1 (excluding mental health variables) identified younger age, black and minority ethnic (BME) background, lower housing quality and current smoker status as key predictors of SI. Higher self-esteem, empathy and neighbourhood belonging, alcohol abstinence and having arthritis were protective against SI. Model 2 (including mental health variables) found depression and having cancer as key health predictors for SI, while identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer (LGBTQ) and BME were significant demographic predictors. Alcohol abstinence, having arthritis and higher empathy levels were protective against SI.

conclusionsThis study suggests that it could be useful to increase community support and sense of belonging using a public health approach for vulnerable groups (e.g. those with cancer) and peer support for people who identify as LGBTQ and/or BME. Also, interventions aimed at increasing empathic functioning may prove effective for reducing SI.

Indexed as

Public HealthSuicidal IdeationCross-Sectional StudiesEnglandFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMaleRisk FactorsSocioeconomic Factorsadult psychiatrymental healthsuicide & self-harm

Identifiers

PMID33542033
PMCPMC7868260
OpenAlexW3128600787

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.