Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33541716›Full record

ArticleSeminars in perinatology2021

Preterm birth lifetime costs in the United States in 2016: An update.

Norman J Waitzman, Ali Jalali, Scott D Grosse

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Seminars in perinatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
94citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
35.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

94 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 177 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Cost-effectiveness of a randomized controlled trial comparing low-dose aspirin to placebo for the prevention of recurrent preterm birth.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025
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  15. Trends in admissions and costs for neonatal intensive care in US children's hospitals, 2017-2022.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
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34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Norman J WaitzmanDepartment of Economics, University of Utah, 260 Central Campus Dr., Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Electronic address: waitzman@economics.utah.edu.
Ali JalaliDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
Scott D GrosseCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USCornell University · USUniversity of Utah · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The societal cost of preterm birth indicates potential economic gains from interventions that reduce the incidence of preterm birth. Changes in the epidemiology of preterm birth and healthcare costs require periodic updates to cost estimates. Previously reported incremental cost estimates for the United States in 2004 were updated. The discounted present value of the excess cost associated with prematurity for the 2016 US birth cohort was estimated to be $25.2 billion: $17.1 billion for medical care of persons born preterm, $2.0 billion for delivery care, $1.3 billion for early intervention and special education, and $4.8 billion in lost productivity due to associated disabilities in adults. The nominal and inflation-adjusted incremental costs per preterm birth increased by 26% and 4%, respectively, during 2004-2016. The aggregate cost decreased by 4%, associated with declines in overall births and the preterm birth rate and changes in the distribution by gestational age.

Indexed as

Infant, Premature, DiseasesPremature BirthAdultEarly Intervention, EducationalFemaleGestational AgeHealth Care CostsHumansInfant, NewbornPregnancyUnited StatesDevelopmental disabilityEconomic costsInfant mortalityPreterm birth

Identifiers

PMID33541716
PMCPMC10549985
OpenAlexW3125549962

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.