ReviewVaccines2021
With or without a Vaccine-A Review of Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Managing African Swine Fever in Resource-Constrained Smallholder Settings.
Review in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Seroprevalence of African Swine Fever Virus and Farm Management Practices in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Molecular characterization of genotype II African swine fever virus circulating in three provinces of Indonesia, 2021-2023.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Live Attenuated Vaccines for African Swine Fever: Perspectives on Their Use and Strategic Directions.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
- Innate resistance to African swine fever virus: current knowledge and future directions.BMC veterinary research · 2025Review
- Spatio-temporal dynamics and risk factors of African swine fever, classical swine fever, and emerging viral co-infections in Assam: implications for one health monitoring.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
- African Swine Fever: A One Health Perspective and Global Challenges.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Assessing the adoption of biosecurity measures among extensive livestock producers: a case study in the free-range pig sector of Corsica.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- The Role of Smallholder Pig Farmers in the Biosecurity of Pig Diseases in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.Veterinary medicine international · 2025Article
- The impact of epidemic experiences on biosecurity behavior of pig farmers: an analysis based on protection motivation theory.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Ancestry and genome-wide association study of domestic pigs that survive African swine fever in Uganda.Tropical animal health and production · 2024Article
- 2023 International African Swine Fever Workshop: Critical Issues That Need to Be Addressed for ASF Control.Viruses · 2023Article
- Risk Factor Impact on African Swine Fever Transmission in Different Extensive Pig Production Settings in Serbia.Viruses · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Biosecurity Measures in Pig Holdings in Slovenia as a Risk Assessment for the Introduction of African Swine Fever Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Elasticity and substitutability of food demand and emerging disease risk on livestock farms.Royal Society open science · 2023Article
- Innovative Research Offers New Hope for Managing African Swine Fever Better in Resource-Limited Smallholder Farming Settings: A Timely Update.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Limitations and opportunities of smallholders' practical knowledge when dealing with pig health issues in northern Uganda.PloS one · 2023Article
- Review of the Pig-Adapted African Swine Fever Viruses in and Outside Africa.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Exploring the hurdles that remain for control of African swine fever in smallholder farming settings.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- The application of new breeding technology based on gene editing in pig industry - A review.Animal bioscience · 2022Article
- Implications of partial culling on African swine fever control effectiveness in Vietnam.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The spectacular recent spread of African swine fever (ASF) in Eastern Europe and Asia has been strongly associated, as it is in the endemic areas in Africa, with free-ranging pig populations and low-biosecurity backyard pig farming. Managing the disease in wild boar populations and in circumstances where the disease in domestic pigs is largely driven by poverty is particularly challenging and may remain so even in the presence of effective vaccines. The only option currently available to prevent ASF is strict biosecurity. Among small-scale pig farmers biosecurity measures are often considered unaffordable or impossible to implement. However, as outbreaks of ASF are also unaffordable, the adoption of basic biosecurity measures is imperative to achieve control and prevent losses. Biosecurity measures can be adapted to fit smallholder contexts, culture and costs. A longer-term approach that could prove valuable particularly for free-ranging pig populations would be exploitation of innate resistance to the virus, which is fully effective in wild African suids and has been observed in some domestic pig populations in areas of prolonged endemicity. We explore available options for preventing ASF in terms of feasibility, practicality and affordability among domestic pig populations that are at greatest risk of exposure to ASF.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.