ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021
A Cohort Study Risk Factor Analysis for Endemic Disease in Pre-Weaned Dairy Heifer Calves.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence of calf morbidity and mortality and its associated risk factors in dairy farms of Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Review
- Intrapartum Risk Factors for Calf Morbidity and Mortality in Dairy Cattle: A Systematic Review (2000-2025).Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Endoparasite Prevalence in the Mountain Bongo (Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Pre-transport risk factors for severity of respiratory associated symptoms in unweaned calves following long-distance transport.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- A survey on management of milk feeding, weaning and housing of conventional and organic dairy calves in Europe.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2025Article
- The effects of colostrum nutritional components, colostrum and serum bioactive substances on the morbidity, mortality and growth performance of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves until weaning.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
- Prenatal Factors Influencing Calf Morbidity and Mortality in Dairy Cattle: A Systematic Review of the Literature (2000-2024).Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Development and Progression of Bovine Respiratory Disease Measured Using Clinical Respiratory Scoring and Thoracic Ultrasonography in Preweaned Calves on Dairy Farms in the United Kingdom: A Prospective Cohort Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Field study on routine procedures for navel care in neonatal calves on dairy farms in Eastern Germany.PloS one · 2025Article
- Risk factors for omphalitis in neonatal dairy calves.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Developmental Programming of Fertility in Cattle-Is It a Cause for Concern?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Describing and Characterizing the Literature Regarding Umbilical Health in Intensively Raised Cattle: A Scoping Review.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Navel Healing and Calf Fitness for Transport.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Benchmarking calf health: Assessment tools for dairy herd health consultancy based on reference values from 730 German dairies with respect to seasonal, farm type, and herd size effects.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- The Effect of Contract-Rearing on the Health Status of Replacement Dairy Heifers.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Stakeholder Perceptions of Disease Management for Dairy Calves: "It's Just Little Things That Make Such a Big Difference".Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- The Health and Behavioural Effects of Individual versus Pair Housing of Calves at Different Ages on a UK Commercial Dairy Farm.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dairy heifer calves experience high levels of contagious disease during their preweaning period, which may result in poor welfare, reduced performance or mortality. We determined risk factors for disease in a cohort study of 492 heifers recruited from 11 commercial UK dairy farms. Every animal received a weekly examination by a veterinarian from birth to nine weeks using the Wisconsin scoring system. Multivariable models were constructed using a hierarchical model with calf nested within farm. Outcome variables for each disease included a binary outcome (yes/no), disease duration and a composite disease score (CDS) including both severity and duration. Diarrhoea, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and umbilical disease were recorded in 48.2%, 45.9% and 28.7% of calves, respectively. A higher heifer calving intensity in the week of birth reduced the CDS for diarrhoea, with a marginal benefit of improved passive transfer (serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) measured at recruitment). The CDS for BRD was reduced by housing in fixed groups, higher mean temperature in month of birth, increasing milk solids fed, increasing IgG, and higher plasma IGF-1 at recruitment. Conversely, higher calving intensity and higher temperature both increased the CDS for umbilical disease, whereas high IGF-1 was again protective. Although good passive transfer reduced the severity of BRD, it was not significant in models for diarrhoea and umbilical disease, emphasising the need to optimise other aspects of management. Measuring IGF-1 in the first week was a useful additional indicator for disease risk.
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