ReviewPolymers2021
3D Printable Electrically Conductive Hydrogel Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications: A Review.
Review in Polymers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Controlled drug release and electroconductive performance of 3D printed scaffolds for neural tissue regeneration.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Article
- Graphene and TiACS applied bio materials · 2026Article
- Polymer Composites in Additive Manufacturing: Current Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Trends.Polymers · 2026Review
- Smart bioactive hydrogels for myocardial infarction repair: a multifunctional approach integrating stimuli-responsive drug delivery, electroconductivity, and real-time biosensing.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Printable Conductive Hydrogels and Elastomers for Biomedical Application.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- 3D Printing of Conducting Polymer Hydrogels for Electrostimulation-Assisted Tissue Engineering.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Biomimetic Tumour Model Systems for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Relation to Photodynamic Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- 3-Dimensional printing and bioprinting in neurological sciences: applications in surgery, imaging, tissue engineering, and pharmacology and therapeutics.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2025Review
- Amino Acid-Based Hydrogel with Interpenetrating Gelatin and Cross-Linked by Metal Ions, Providing High Stretchability and Motion Sensitivity.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Innovative MXene/SilMA-Based Conductive Bioink for Three Dimensional Bioprinting of Neural Stem Cell Spheroids in Neural Tissue Engineering.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Magnetic Polymeric Conduits in Biomedical Applications.Micromachines · 2025Review
- Bioinks and biofabrication techniques for biosensors development: A review.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Recent Advances in the 3D Printing of Conductive Hydrogels for Sensor Applications: A Review.Polymers · 2024Review
- Design approaches for 3D cell culture and 3D bioprinting platforms.Biophysics reviews · 2024Review
- A Novel Cryogenic Approach to 3D Printing Cytocompatible, Conductive, Hydrogel-Based Inks.3D printing and additive manufacturing · 2024Article
- The Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics of Conductive PVA/PEDOT:PSS Hydrogel Foams for Soft Strain Sensors.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- 4D Printing: The Development of Responsive Materials Using 3D-Printing Technology.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- 3D-Printed Hydrogel for Diverse Applications: A Review.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Self-Standing 3D-Printed PEGDA-PANIs Electroconductive Hydrogel Composites for pH Monitoring.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Electrically conductive hydrogels (ECHs), an emerging class of biomaterials, have garnered tremendous attention due to their potential for a wide variety of biomedical applications, from tissue-engineered scaffolds to smart bioelectronics. Along with the development of new hydrogel systems, 3D printing of such ECHs is one of the most advanced approaches towards rapid fabrication of future biomedical implants and devices with versatile designs and tuneable functionalities. In this review, an overview of the state-of-the-art 3D printed ECHs comprising conductive polymers (polythiophene, polyaniline and polypyrrole) and/or conductive fillers (graphene, MXenes and liquid metals) is provided, with an insight into mechanisms of electrical conductivity and design considerations for tuneable physiochemical properties and biocompatibility. Recent advances in the formulation of 3D printable bioinks and their practical applications are discussed; current challenges and limitations of 3D printing of ECHs are identified; new 3D printing-based hybrid methods for selective deposition and fabrication of controlled nanostructures are highlighted; and finally, future directions are proposed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.