ReviewPharmaceutics2021
Microemulsion-Based Media in Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Flavonoids in Nasal Therapeutics: Biological Activities, Delivery Challenges, and Formulation Strategies-A Systematic Review.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Pooled it
- Developing and Evaluating Stable Microemulsion Systems for Potential Intranasal and Transdermal Application of Omeprazole.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Intranasal Drug Delivery in Neuropharmacology: Advances in Brain-Targeted Therapies and Bioethical Challenges.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Development of a Water-in-Oil Microemulsion Template for Chitosan Nanogel Fabrication via Genipin Crosslinking.Polymers · 2026Article
- The Landscape of Ferritin Nanocages for Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Nanotherapeutics Mediated Intranasal Delivery for Therapeutic Effect on Parkinson's Disease: Balancing Advancements and Challenges.Current drug research reviews · 2026Review
- Nanoemulsions and Microemulsions for Intranasal Drug Delivery: A Bibliometric Analysis and Emerging Trends (2004-2024).Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Lipid-Based Nanotechnologies for Delivery of Green Tea Catechins: Advances, Challenges, and Therapeutic Potential.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Novel Strategies for the Formulation of Poorly Water-Soluble Drug Substances by Different Physical Modification Strategies with a Focus on Peroral Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A comprehensive insight of innovations and recent advancements in nanocarriers for nose-to-brain drug targeting.Designed monomers and polymers · 2025Review
- Lipid-Based Nanoformulations for Drug Delivery: An Ongoing Perspective.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Intranasal Delivery of Carvedilol- and Quercetin-Encapsulated Cationic Nanoliposomes for Cardiovascular Targeting: Formulation andACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- KLVFF Conjugated Curcumin Microemulsion-Based Hydrogel for Transnasal Route: Formulation Development, Optimization, Physicochemical Characterization, and Ex Vivo Evaluation.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Nanomedicine in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: State-of-the-Art.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Propranolol-Loaded Limonene-Based Microemulsion Thermo-Responsive Mucoadhesive Nasal Nanogel: Design, In Vitro Assessment, Ex Vivo Permeation, and Brain Biodistribution.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Intranasal Microemulsion as an Innovative and Promising Alternative to the Oral Route in Improving Stiripentol Brain Targeting.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Potential of Lipid-Based Nanocarriers against Two Major Barriers to Drug Delivery-Skin and Blood-Brain Barrier.Membranes · 2023Review
- Intranasal ondansetron microemulsion counteracting the adverse effects of cisplatin: animal study.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2023Article
- Brain Targeting by Intranasal Drug Delivery: Effect of Different Formulations of the Biflavone "Cupressuflavone" fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Research progress in brain-targeted nasal drug delivery.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nose-to-brain drug delivery has recently attracted enormous attention as an alternative to other delivery routes, including the most popular oral one. Due to the unique anatomical features of the nasal cavity, drugs administered intranasally can be delivered directly to the central nervous system. The most important advantage of this approach is the ability to avoid the blood-brain barrier surrounding the brain and blocking the entry of exogenous substances to the central nervous system. Moreover, selective brain targeting could possibly avoid peripheral side effects of pharmacotherapy. The challenges associated with nose-to-brain drug delivery are mostly due to the small volume of the nasal cavity and insufficient drug absorption from nasal mucosa. These issues could be minimized by using a properly designed drug carrier. Microemulsions as potential drug delivery systems offer good solubilizing properties and the ability to enhance drug permeation through biological membranes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current status of the research focused on microemulsion-based systems for nose-to-brain delivery with special attention to the most extensively investigated neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and schizophrenia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.