ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Sexual Dimorphisms, Anti-Hormonal Therapy and Cardiac Arrhythmias.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex hormones and reproductive factors with cardiac arrhythmia and ECG indices: a mendelian randomization study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Review
- Sexual dimorphism in keratoconus: transcriptomic and hormonal mechanisms underlying stromal remodelling.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Article
- QT interval changes in transgender/gender diverse adolescents receiving gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and gender-affirming hormonal treatment.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- Sex Hormone Profiles in Patients With Torsades de Pointes Ventricular Tachycardia: A Clinical-Electrophysiological Translational Study.JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · 2025Article
- Transgender-Affirming Hormone Therapies, QT Prolongation, and Cardiac Repolarization.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Case Series and an Appraisal of Current Evidence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Sex differences in patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer harboring driver fusions treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a systematic review.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2024Review
- Exploring the impact of a KCNH2 missense variant on Long QT syndrome: insights into a novel gender-selective, incomplete penetrance inheritance mode.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Arrhythmias in transgender individuals.Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico · 2023Article
- KCNH2 mutation c.3099_3112del causes congenital long QT syndrome type 2 with gender differences.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Significant variations from the normal QT interval range of 350 to 450 milliseconds (ms) in men and 360 to 460 ms in women increase the risk for ventricular arrhythmias. This difference in the QT interval between men and women has led to the understanding of the influence of sex hormones on the role of gender-specific channelopathies and development of ventricular arrhythmias. The QT interval, which represents the duration of ventricular repolarization of the heart, can be affected by androgen levels, resulting in a sex-specific predilection for acquired and inherited channelopathies such as acquired long QT syndrome in women and Brugada syndrome and early repolarization syndrome in men. Manipulation of the homeostasis of these sex hormones as either hormonal therapy for certain cancers, recreational therapy or family planning and in transgender treatment has also been shown to affect QT interval duration and increase the risk for ventricular arrhythmias. In this review, we highlight the effects of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones in the physiological and pathological states on QTc variation and predisposition to gender-specific pro-arrhythmias.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.