ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2021
α-Gal specific-IgE prevalence and levels in Ecuador and Kenya: Relation to diet, parasites, and IgG
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- New Insights Into Immunomodulatory Strategies for Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions: An EAACI Task Force Report.Clinical and translational allergy · 2026Review
- From vector to allergen: exploring the immunology of tick-triggered α-Gal syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Allergic reactions associated with tsetse fly bites.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Ticked Off: Allergic Effector Cells in the Pathogenesis of Alpha-gal Syndrome.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- Pre-clinical strategies and emerging technologies driving advances in the alpha-gal syndrome.Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology · 2025Review
- Alpha-Gal Syndrome after Ixodes scapularis Tick Bite and Statewide Surveillance, Maine, USA, 2014-2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Review
- Red Meat Hypersensitivity and Probable Alpha-Gal Syndrome: Prevalence Among Adolescents.Cureus · 2024Article
- Are humanized IgE reporter systems potential game changers in serological diagnosis of human parasitic infection?Parasitology research · 2022Article
- The Quantification of IgG Specific to α-Gal Could Be Used as a Risk Marker for Suffering Mammalian Meat Allergy.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Where's the Beef? Understanding Allergic Responses to Red Meat in Alpha-Gal Syndrome.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Review
- The Meat of the Matter: Understanding and Managing Alpha-Gal Syndrome.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2022Review
- Transient Ascaris suum larval migration induces intractable chronic pulmonary disease and anemia in mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Lack of Consistent Association between Asthma, Allergic Diseases, and Intestinal Helminth Infection in School-Aged Children in the Province of Bengo, Angola.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- An Overview of the Relevance of IgG4 Antibodies in Allergic Disease with a Focus on Food Allergens.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Chemokine Receptor Activation Enhances Memory B Cell Class Switching Linked to IgE Sensitization to Alpha Gal and Cardiovascular Disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
- What can we learn from measuring IgE to allergens and allergen components in tropical and subtropical settings in Brazil?Jornal de pediatriaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIgE to α-Gal is a cause of mammalian meat allergy and has been linked to tick bites in North America, Australia, and Eurasia. Reports from the developing world indicate that α-Gal sensitization is prevalent but has been little investigated.
objectiveWe sought evidence for the cause(s) of α-Gal sensitization and lack of reported meat allergy among children in less developed settings in Ecuador and Kenya.
methodsIgE to α-Gal and total IgE were assessed in children from Ecuador (n = 599) and Kenya (n = 254) and compared with children with (n = 42) and without known (n = 63) mammalian meat allergy from the southeastern United States. Information on diet, potential risk factors, and helminth infections was available for children from Ecuador. IgG
resultsIn Ecuador (32%) and Kenya (54%), α-Gal specific IgE was prevalent, but levels were lower than in children with meat allergy from the United States. Sensitization was associated with rural living, antibody markers of Ascaris exposure, and total IgE, but not active infections with Ascaris or Trichuris species. In Ecuador, 87.5% reported consuming beef at least once per week, including 83.9% of those who had α-Gal specific IgE. Levels of α-Gal specific IgG
conclusionsThese results suggest that in areas of the developing world with endemic parasitism, α-Gal sensitization is (1) common, (2) associated with Ascaris exposure, and (3) distinguished by a low percentage of specific/total IgE compared with individuals with meat allergy in the United States.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.