ArticleMolecular cell2021
Enhancers predominantly regulate gene expression during differentiation via transcription initiation.
Article in Molecular cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-allele nanoscale mapping of regulatory variants.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Mapping and quantifying nascent transcript start sites using TT-TSS-seq.Genome research · 2026Article
- Enhancer Trajectories in Lineage Commitment: Regulatory Logic of States and Cooperation.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- DecipheringBioinformatics advances · 2026Article
- Modification of adipose mass by targeting distal enhancers of Ptrf.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Promoter-proximal RNA polymerase II termination regulates transcription during human cell type transition.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Is Enhancer Function Driven by Protein-Protein Interactions? From Bacteria to Leukemia.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Deciphering HIV-1 Transcription Initiation and Elongation from Single-Molecule Imaging Data.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Loss-of-Function Variants inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Molecular models of bidirectional promoter regulation.Current opinion in structural biology · 2024Review
- Differences in transcription initiation directionality underlie distinctions between plants and animals in chromatin modification patterns at genes and cis-regulatory elements.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- The ncBAF Complex Regulates Transcription in AML Through H3K27ac Sensing by BRD9.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- A novelFrontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Differences in transcription initiation directionality underlie distinctions between plants and animals in chromatin modification patterns at genes and cis-regulatory elements.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Regulation of the dynamic RNA Pol II elongation rate in Drosophila embryos.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Understanding fundamental principles of enhancer biology at a model locus: Analysing the structure and function of an enhancer cluster at the α-globin locus.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2023Review
- MLL-AF4 cooperates with PAF1 and FACT to drive high-density enhancer interactions in leukemia.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Translating non-coding genetic associations into a better understanding of immune-mediated disease.Disease models & mechanisms · 2023Review
- Intronic enhancers of the humanScience advances · 2022Article
- Coming full circle: On the origin and evolution of the looping model for enhancer-promoter communication.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Gene transcription occurs via a cycle of linked events, including initiation, promoter-proximal pausing, and elongation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). A key question is how transcriptional enhancers influence these events to control gene expression. Here, we present an approach that evaluates the level and change in promoter-proximal transcription (initiation and pausing) in the context of differential gene expression, genome-wide. This combinatorial approach shows that in primary cells, control of gene expression during differentiation is achieved predominantly via changes in transcription initiation rather than via release of Pol II pausing. Using genetically engineered mouse models, deleted for functionally validated enhancers of the α- and β-globin loci, we confirm that these elements regulate Pol II recruitment and/or initiation to modulate gene expression. Together, our data show that gene expression during differentiation is regulated predominantly at the level of initiation and that enhancers are key effectors of this process.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.