ArticlePloS one2021
Diphtheria outbreak in Jakarta and Tangerang, Indonesia: Epidemiological and clinical predictor factors for death.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Waning rate of immunity and duration of protective immunity against diphtheria toxoid as a function of age and number of doses: Systematic review and quantitative data analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- CLINICO-Demographic Profile and Outcomes of Hospitalised Children With Diphtheria in A Tertiary Care Hospital of Peshawar.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Modeling the transmission dynamics and control strategies during the 2017 diphtheria outbreak in Jakarta, Indonesia.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Epidemiological trend and clinical features of diphtheria in Hajjah Governorate, Yemen: a seven-years retrospective analysis (2018-2024).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Clinical features, prognosis, and treatment outcomes of diphtheria in children: a retrospective cohort study at children's hospital, Sukkur.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Factors associated with outbreak of diphtheria in Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria: July-October 2023.The Pan African medical journal · 2026Article
- Diphtheria Outbreak among Persons Experiencing Homelessness, 2023, Linked to 2022 Diphtheria Outbreak, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of Diphtheria in Antananarivo, Madagascar, and Cambodia.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Clinical presentation and predictors of hospital mortality of diphtheria in Nigeria, July 2023 to April 2024: a single-center study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
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- Eleven-Year Report of High Number of Diphtheria Cases in Children in East Java Province, Indonesia.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Article
- Vaccine hesitancy within the Muslim community: Islamic faith and public health perspectives.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Genomic Epidemiology of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in New Caledonia.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Article
- Leveraging serology to titrate immunisation programme functionality for diphtheria in Madagascar.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Epidemiology of Diphtheria in Yemen, 2017-2018: Surveillance Data Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn 2017, a diphtheria outbreak occurred in several provinces in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of mortality outcome of pediatric patients with clinical diphtheria.
methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using patient medical records at five referral hospitals in the Province of Jakarta and one in Tangerang District, Banten Province during January 2017 to 31 August 2018. All children in the age group of 1-18 years old discharged with diagnosis of clinical diphtheria formed the study group. All anonymized patient data were evaluated for demographic issues, clinical features, immunization status, complication, laboratory profiles and outcome.
resultsA total of 283 patients with clinical diphtheria were included in the study group with case fatality rate of 3.5%. All mortal patients had the complication of myocarditis. Regression analyses revealed factors for predicting mortality. Incomplete primary diphtheria toxoid immunization, stridor, bull neck, leukocytosis ≥15 x109 cells/L and thrombocytopenia ≤150 x109 cells/L in each combination for 2 predictors modeling were correlated with death.
conclusionsWe report key predictors of mortality in pediatric patients with clinical diphtheria. The presence of these features when admitted to the hospital must be taken into account, because they can lead to fatal outcome.
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