Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33539440›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

Higher plasma drug levels in elderly people living with HIV treated with darunavir.

Erika Tyrberg, Arvid Edén, Jaran Eriksen, Staffan Nilsson, Carl Johan Treutiger, Anders Thalme, Åsa Mellgren, Magnus Gisslén, Lars-Magnus Andersson

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 33% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Erika TyrbergDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-3253-4712
Arvid EdénDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Jaran EriksenDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-1146-5615
Staffan NilssonMathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Carl Johan TreutigerDepartment of Infectious Diseases/Venhälsan, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Anders ThalmeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Åsa MellgrenDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Magnus GisslénDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Lars-Magnus AnderssonDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Sahlgrenska University Hospital · SEChalmers University of Technology · SEKarolinska Institutet · SEKarolinska University Hospital · SESödra Älvsborg Hospital · SEStockholm South General Hospital · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe proportion of elderly people living with HIV-1 (PLHIV) is rising. In older patients, comorbidities and concomitant medications are more frequent, increasing the risk of potential drug-drug interactions (PDDIs). Data on the pharmacokinetics of ART in individuals aged ≥ 65 years of age are scarce. We compared plasma drug levels of ART, PDDIs, and side-effects in PLHIV aged ≥ 65 years of age, with controls ≤ 49 years of age.

methodsPatients ≥ 65 years of age and controls ≤ 49 years of age, all of whom were on stable treatment with atazanavir (ATV), darunavir (DRV), or efavirenz (EFV) were included cross-sectionally. Plasma drug levels of ART were analyzed, comorbidities, concomitant medication, adherence, and side-effects recorded, and PDDIs analyzed using drug interactions databases.

resultsBetween 2013 and 2015, we included 100 individuals ≥ 65 years of age (study group) and 99 controls (≤ 49 years of age). Steady-state DRV concentrations were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.047). In the ATV group there was a trend towards a significant difference (p = 0.056). No significant differences were found in the EFV arm. The DRV arm had a higher frequency of reported side-effects than the ATV and EFV arms in the study group (36.7% vs. 0% and 23.8% respectively (p = 0.014), with significant differences between DRV vs. ATV, and EFV vs. ATV).

conclusionsHigher steady-state plasma levels of DRV and ATV (but not EFV) were found in PLHIV aged ≥ 65 years of age, compared to controls ≤ 49 years of age.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAlkynesAnti-HIV AgentsAtazanavir SulfateBenzoxazinesCase-Control StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesCyclopropanesDarunavirDrug InteractionsHIV InfectionsHumansMaleMiddle AgedPlasmaAlkynesAnti-HIV AgentsAtazanavir SulfateBenzoxazinesCyclopropanesDarunavirefavirenz

Identifiers

PMID33539440
PMCPMC7861408
OpenAlexW3126309097

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.