ArticlePloS one2021
Low use of condom and high STI incidence among men who have sex with men in PrEP programs.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05492565 (A Study to Evaluate Clinical Benefits and Drawbacks of Antiretroviral Drugs as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Infection Under Real-life Conditions Among Persons Who Pursue High-risk Sexual Practices), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Study to Evaluate Clinical Benefits and Drawbacks of Antiretroviral Drugs as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Infection Under Real-life Conditions Among Persons Who Pursue High-risk Sexual Practices: The Seville HIV PrEP Cohort
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disentangling Between- and Within-Person Effects of HIV PrEP and Treatment Attitudes on Condom Use and Bacterial STIs Among Sexual Minority Men.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Trends in Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use, Condom Use, and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Men Who Have Sex with Men from 2014, 2017, and 2023.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Long-acting reversible contraception, condom use and sexually transmitted infections in developing countries: a multi-country serial cross-sectional analysis using demographic and health surveys.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Alignment Between HIV Vulnerability and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use in a Longitudinal Study of Young, Black Men Who Have Sex with Men.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Optimal testing frequency for sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men and transgender women who use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Australia, Brazil and Thailand: a cost-effectiveness analysis.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Intensive longitudinal follow-up of cisgender and transgender women engaged in sex work during the three months following initiation of daily oral PrEP: A series of case-studies with mixed-method assessments.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Use and Laboratory-Confirmed Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Positivity Among a Diverse, Multi-City Cohort of Sexually Active Sexual and Gender Minorities in the United States.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2026Article
- Retrospective analysis of sexually transmitted infections among people living with HIV and pre-exposure prophylaxis users in Spain.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Does Not Increase Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Incidence in Young Black and Hispanic Men who Have Sex With Men: An Observational Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with syphilis among men who have sex with men in Brazil.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Effects of Substance Use on Condomless Anal Sex in a Large Sample of Adolescent Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Within and Between Relationship Design.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- ChemsexPH: The association between chemsex, HIV status and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among men who have sex with men in the Philippines.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Development of an overarching framework for anticipating and assessing adverse and other unintended consequences of public health interventions (CONSEQUENT): a best-fit framework synthesis.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Future HIV epidemic trajectories in South Africa and projected long-term consequences of reductions in general population HIV testing: a mathematical modelling study.The Lancet. Public health · 2024Article
- Questioning risk compensation: pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men, capital region of Denmark, 2019 to 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Membrane computing simulation of sexually transmitted bacterial infections in hotspots of individuals with various risk behaviors.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Article
- Sexually transmitted infections in Spain: Current status.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2023Review
- Incidence and Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Among HIV-Negative Gay and Bisexual Men Using HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Evolution of Risk Behaviors, Sexually Transmitted Infections and PrEP Care Continuum in a Hospital-Based PrEP Program in Barcelona, Spain: A Descriptive Study of the First 2 Years' Experience.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveSince the recent introduction of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), several studies have reported a decrease in the use of condoms and a rise in STIs among users. This rise in risk behavior associated with the advent of PrEP is known as "risk compensation." The aim of this study is to measure clinical and behavioral changes associated with the introduction of PrEP by analyzing condom use for anal intercourse, number of sexual partners, sexualized drug use and STI incidence.
methodsWe performed a retrospective descriptive study of PrEP users followed every 3months over a 2-year period spanning 2017-2019 in a referral clinic specializing in STI/HIV in Madrid, Spain. One hundred ten men who have sex with men and transgender women underwent regular screening for STIs and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral data were gathered for all subjects studied.
resultsThe risk compensation observed in this study consisted primarily of a lower rate of condom use, while the number of sexual partners and recreational drug consumption remained stable. We observed a very high incidence of STIs in this sample, particularly rectal gonorrhea and chlamydia. The factors shown to be independently associated with the presence of an STI on multivariate analysis were age below 30 years and over 10 sexual partners/month.
conclusionThe incidence of STI acquisition was higher than expected, indicating a need for strategies to minimize this impact, particularly among younger individuals with a higher number of sexual partners.
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