ArticlePsychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy2021
Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in individuals with severe mental illness in a non-western setting: Data from rural Ethiopia.
Article in Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trauma descriptions and lived experiences: a phenomenological exploratory study among patients with severe mental illness in Botswana.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Adaptation of a PTSD intervention for use in primary care in a low-income country: The Brief Relaxation, Education And Trauma HEaling intervention for Ethiopia (BREATHE Ethiopia).SSM. Mental health · 2025Article
- Are they looking for support? Mental health and trauma awareness as predictors of mental health help-seeking behaviour among young adults and adolescents in Bangladesh, Egypt, Ghana and the United Arab Emirates.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The relationship between lifetime trauma exposure and psychosis in a multi-country case-control study in Africa.SSM. Mental health · 2025Article
- The cumulative impact of trauma, chronic illness, and COVID-19 stress on mental health in a case-control study of adults with psychotic disorders in Ethiopia.Comprehensive psychiatry · 2024Article
- Cross-cultural equivalence of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) across four African countries in a multi-national study of adults.SSM. Mental health · 2024Article
- Experiences of trauma and psychometric properties of the Life Events Checklist among adults in Uganda.PloS one · 2024Article
- Experiences of trauma among persons living with psychosis in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.PLOS mental health · 2024Article
- Serious mental health conditions and exposure to adulthood trauma in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Experience of traumatic events in people with severe mental illness in a low-income country: a qualitative study.International journal of mental health systems · 2023Article
- Measuring Traumatic Experiences in a Sample of Ethiopian Adults: Psychometric Properties of the Life Events Checklist-5.European journal of trauma & dissociation = Revue europeenne du trauma et de la dissociation · 2022Article
- Traumatic experiences assessed with the life events checklist for Kenyan adults.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Article
- Posttraumatic stress disorder intervention for people with severe mental illness in a low-income country primary care setting: a randomized feasibility trial protocol.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic events and ensuing stress are not widely studied in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) despite their increased vulnerability to both. Far less is known about traumatic events and posttrauma reactions in people with SMI in low-resourced settings.
objectiveTo address this gap in knowledge, our study focused on trauma and its effects for individuals with SMI and their caregivers in rural Ethiopia. Study aims were to identify events that were considered traumatic by stakeholders; characterize the mental health effects of such events; and discern events and posttrauma symptoms most relevant for SMI.
methodQualitative interviews were gathered from 48 participants in Ethiopia who included individuals with SMI, their caregivers, health care providers, and community and religious leaders.
resultsBased on a combined emic and etic approach, major traumatic events included those commonly experienced in rural Ethiopia (e.g., lost property, forced marriage) and endorsed by individuals with SMI (e.g., restraining or chaining, SMI illness in a low-resourced setting). In addition, traumatic events were identified consistent with Western medical criteria (e.g., physical assault, sexual assault). Posttrauma symptoms that were commonly reported included emotions like anger and sadness; thinking too much; crying; and somatic (e.g., burning sensation) and physiological (e.g., shortness of breath) symptoms. As for symptoms consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, we found the presence of all four symptom clusters.
conclusionsOverall, results point to the common occurrence of traumatic events and trauma-linked symptoms for individuals with SMI and their caregivers, including as a result of SMI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.