Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33538999›Full record

Trial reportDaru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences2021

Comparing the cost, glycaemic control and medication adherence of utilizing patients' own medicines (POMs) versus usual dispensing among diabetic patients in an outpatient setting.

Phei Ching Lim, Yin Ying Chung, Shien Joo Tan, Te Ying Wong, Durga Devi Permalu, Thean Kheng Cheah, Shueh Lin Lim, Chong Yew Lee

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 26% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Phei Ching LimPharmacy Department, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia.
Yin Ying ChungPharmacy Department, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia.
Shien Joo TanPharmacy Department, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia.
Te Ying WongPharmacy Department, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia.
Durga Devi PermaluPharmacy Department, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia.
Thean Kheng CheahPharmacy Department, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia.
Shueh Lin LimMedical Department, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia.
Chong Yew LeeSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. chongyew@usm.my.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-3794
Hospital Pulau Pinang · MYUniversiti Sains Malaysia · MY

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMillions worth of unused drugs particularly those indicated for chronic diseases such as diabetes were returned and disposed leading to substantial wastage. Use of patients' own medications (POMs) in the inpatient setting has reduced wastage and saved cost. The impact of utilizing POMs in the outpatient setting has hitherto not been determined. PURPOSE: This study aims to compare the cost, medication adherence and glycaemic control of utilizing POMs versus usual dispensing.

methodsProspective randomized controlled study was conducted among diabetic patients that required monthly medication refill in the Outpatient Pharmacy in 2017. Patients who consented were equally divided into POMs and control groups. Both groups brought excess medications from home at week-0 and week-12. Patients in the POMs group brought excess medications monthly and sufficient amount of drugs were added until the next refill date. Drugs were dispensed as usual in the control group. Total cost consisting of the cost of drugs, staff and building was calculated. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured at baseline and week-12. Adherence was measured based on pill counting.

resultsThirty patients aged 56.77 ± 14.67 years with 13.37 ± 7.36 years of diabetes participated. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. POMs minimized the total cost by 38.96% which translated to a cost saving of USD 42.76 ± 6.98, significantly different versus USD 0.02 ± 0.52 in the control group, p = 0.025. Mean HbA1c reduced significantly (-0.79%, p = 0.016) in the POMs group but not significant in the control group (-0.11%, p = 0.740). Medication adherence improved significantly in both groups at week-12 (p < 0.010). Nevertheless, patients in the POMs group were more adherent, 87.20% vs. 66.32%, p = 0.034.

conclusionUtilizing POMs resulted in cost saving, improved adherence and better glycaemic control. Use of POMs should be practiced in the outpatient pharmacy to reduce wastage and cost.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug UtilizationHypoglycemic AgentsAdultAgedCosts and Cost AnalysisFemaleGlycemic ControlHumansMaleMedication AdherenceMiddle AgedOutpatientsHypoglycemic AgentsCostGlycaemic controlMedication adherenceOutpatientPatients’ own medicines

Identifiers

PMID33538999
PMCPMC8149523
OpenAlexW3127386351

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.