ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2021
Biological variation of major gut-derived uremic toxins in the serum of healthy adult cats.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of the effect of Renaltec in cats with IRIS stage 2 and 3 chronic kidney disease.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- The Effect of Renaltec on Serum Uremic Toxins in Cats with Experimentally Induced Chronic Kidney Disease.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- The Effect of Dietary Protein Concentration on the Fecal Microbiome and Serum Concentrations of Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins in Healthy Adult Cats.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Short-term postprandial changes in select serum biochemistry analytes in healthy adult cats.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2022Article
- Biological variation of major gut-derived uremic toxins in the serum of healthy adult cats.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
- Metabolic Alterations Associated With Rapidly Progressive Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBiological variation of serum indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-cresol sulfate (pCS), and trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO) concentrations in cats is unknown.
objectivesTo determine short- and medium-term biological variation, index of individuality (II), and reference change values for serum IS, pCS, and TMAO concentrations in healthy adult cats. To determine the effect of feeding on serum concentrations. ANIMALS: Twelve healthy adult cats.
methodsProspective, cohort study. Seven serum samples over a 12-hour period (short-term) and 5 serum samples over a 19-day period (medium-term) were collected. Serum concentrations of total IS, pCS, and TMAO were measured every 2 hours in a 12-hour period (hours 0-12) after a meal in 9 cats and compared to concentrations in a nonfed state.
resultsFor IS, the II was high using short-term (1.96) and low using medium-term (0.65) biological variation estimates. Individuality was intermediate for pCS (short-term, 0.98; medium-term, 1.17) and TMAO (short-term, 1.47; medium-term, 0.83). Serum IS, pCS, and TMAO concentrations were significantly lower in a fed state compared to a nonfed state at hours 4, 6, 8, and 12; at hours 4 and 6; and at hours 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Population-based reference intervals with reference to the subject-based interval can be used to monitor serum pCS and TMAO concentrations. For IS, a subject-based and a population-based reference interval is best for short-term and medium-term monitoring, respectively. To compare serial measurements, it would be prudent to collect samples at the same time of day and consistently in either a fed or nonfed state.
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Registered trials
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