ArticleProbiotics and antimicrobial proteins2021
Systematic Network and Meta-analysis on the Antiviral Mechanisms of Probiotics: A Preventive and Treatment Strategy to Mitigate SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Article in Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Gut Microbiota and Pneumonia Risk: A Systematic Review and Mendelian Randomization.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of probiotics on humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccination in older adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial (PIRATES-COV study).Gut microbes · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of a Probiotic Consisting of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PDV 1705, Bifidobacterium bifidum PDV 0903, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis PDV 1911, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum PDV 2301 in the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: a Randomized Controlled Trial.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2023Trial
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Assessing the Efficacy ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- WGS analysis and functional studies illustrate promising gene-signatures for probiotic attributes and molecular-targeted therapeutic prospects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP-ARP2.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Exploring the Therapeutic Landscape of Probiotics in Enteric and Respiratory Viral Infections.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Complete genome sequence, metabolic profiling and functional studies revealFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Gut microbiota in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: not the end of the story.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Probing the functional and therapeutic properties of postbiotics in relation to their industrial application.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in COVID-19: Modulation and Approaches for Prevention and Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Potential of Probiotics as Ingestible Adjuvants and Immune Modulators for Antiviral Immunity and Management of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effects of yogurt containing probiotics on respiratory virus infections: Influenza H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2.Journal of dairy science · 2023Article
- Heat-killedBioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- In Silico Analysis of Bacteriocins from Lactic Acid Bacteria Against SARS-CoV-2.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2023Article
- Potential of macronutrients and probiotics to boost immunity in patients with SARS-COV-2: a narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Overview of anti-viral effects of probiotics via immune cells in pre-, mid- and post-SARS-CoV2 era.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Theranostic efficiency of biosurfactants against COVID-19 and similar viruses - A review.Journal of drug delivery science and technology · 2022Review
- Are Nutraceuticals Effective in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Prevention and Treatment?Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Evidences and perspectives of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as adjuvants for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis and systematic review.Trends in food science & technology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
With the alarming rise of infected cases and deaths, COVID-19 is a pandemic, affecting 220 countries worldwide. Until now, no specific treatment is available against SARS-CoV-2. The causal virus SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects lung cells, leading to respiratory illness ranging in severity from the common cold to deadly pneumonia. This, with comorbidities, worsens the clinical outcome, particularly for immunosuppressed individuals with COVID-19. Interestingly, the commensal gut microbiota has been shown to improve lung infections by modulating the immune system. Therefore, fine-tuning of the gut microbiome with probiotics could be an alternative strategy for boosting immunity and treating COVID-19. Here, we present a systematic biological network and meta-analysis to provide a rationale for the implementation of probiotics in preventing and/or treating COVID-19. We have identified 90 training genes from the literature analysis (according to PRISMA guidelines) and generated an association network concerning the candidate genes linked with COVID-19 and probiotic treatment. The functional modules and pathway enrichment analysis of the association network clearly show that the application of probiotics could have therapeutic effects on ACE2-mediated virus entry, activation of the systemic immune response, nlrp3-mediated immunomodulatory pathways, immune cell migration resulting in lung tissue damage and cardiovascular difficulties, and altered glucose/lipid metabolic pathways in the disease prognosis. We also demonstrate the potential mechanistic domains as molecular targets for probiotic applications to combat the viral infection. Our study, therefore, offers probiotics-mediated novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 warfare.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.