ArticleEuropean journal of midwifery2018
Counselling for smoking cessation during pregnancy reduces tobacco-specific nitrosamine (NNAL) concentrations: A randomized controlled trial.
Article in European journal of midwifery, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01210118 (The Effectiveness of High and Low Intensity Intervention for Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effectiveness of High and Low Intensity Intervention for Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking cessation in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of vulnerability approaches and expectant father involvement.Public health reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Biomarkers of Nicotine and Tobacco Carcinogen Exposure in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Black Adults Receiving a Brief Smoking Reduction Intervention.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Trial
- Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy: Nicotine metabolites in maternal urine and breast milk as biomarkers of infant birth weight and length, a cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Breaking the Habit: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pregnancy-Related Smoking Cessation Randomized Controlled Trials.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A comparative analysis of smoking status among the Roma and the general population during pregnancy: The critical role of midwives in smoking cessation.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of brief counseling (5As): Antenatal tobacco cessation support program among pregnant women availing antenatal care.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Hair and nail nicotine levels of mothers and their infants as valid biomarkers of exposure to intrauterine tobacco smoke.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSmoking cessation during pregnancy is beneficial to both the mother and child. Our objective was to assess if an intensive smoking cessation intervention for pregnant women increases: a) rates of smoking cessation, and b) reduces exposure to tobacco-specific carcinogens during pregnancy.
methodsA two-group single-blinded parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted involving 84 pregnant smokers in either a high intensity (n=42) or minimal contact control group (n=42). Women assigned to the high intensity smoking cessation intervention group received a single 30-minute behavioural counselling session and a tailored self-help booklet. The primary outcome measures were: 7-day point prevalence abstinence measured by selfreport and urine cotinine levels, and maternal tobacco specific carcinogens nitrosamine (NNAL) urine concentrations assessed at 32 weeks of gestation.
resultsA significantly greater percentage of pregnant smokers quit smoking in the high intensity group compared to the low intensity control group (45.2% vs 21.4%; p=0.001). A significant decrease in urine cotinine concentrations was documented in the experimental group (-140.74 ± 361.70 ng/mL; p=0.004), with no significant decrease documented in the control group. A significant decrease in NNAL levels was also documented in the experimental group (158.17 ± 145.03 pg/mL before, 86.43 ± 112.54 pg/mL after; p=0.032) with no significant changes in the control group.
conclusionsThe high intensity intervention tested resulted in significantly greater cessation rates. Intensive smoking cessation interventions can be effective in reducing fetal exposure to NNAL. This is the first trial to report on NNAL tobacco-specific carcinogen concentrations before and after an intervention for smoking cessation during pregnancy.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01210118. ABBREVIATIONS: 5Αs: ask, advise, asses, assist, arrange; GHQ: general health questionnaire; ANOVA: analysis of variance; RCT: randomized control trials; NNAL: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.