ReviewTheranostics2021
Immunotherapy for targeting cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Review in Theranostics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Discovery of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives with inhibitory effect on liver cancer stem cell.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Article
- Sublethal heat stress synergizes with the tumor microenvironment to drive recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after thermal ablation: mechanisms, molecular predictors, and targeted interventions.Cell biology and toxicology · 2026Review
- The epigenetic regulator SETDB1 as a key component of cancer stem cells and drug resistance in primary liver cancer.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- GPX2+ tumor cells recruit LGALS1+ B cells via CCL26-CCR3 axis to promote immunosuppression and tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Overcoming immune resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma: insights into mechanisms, predictive factors, and interventional strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CAF-derived BHB modulates FXR1-Kbhb and NK-cell lipid metabolism in osteosarcoma.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: platforms, updates, challenges and future perspectives.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Article
- Hypoxia-induced exosomal circNRIP1 activates cancer-associated fibroblasts to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma migration and invasion.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- PXMP2 inhibits tumor stemness and immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma based on stemness risk.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- IGF1/IGF1R signaling promotes the expansion of liver CSCs and serves as a potential therapeutic target in HCC.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- SLC7A11, a disulfidptosis-related gene, correlates with multi-omics prognostic analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Injectable celastrol-loading emulsion hydrogel for immunotherapy of low-immunogenic cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Review
- Utilizing liquid-liquid biopolymer regulators to predict the prognosis and drug sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma.Biology direct · 2025Article
- WTAP Accelerates Exhaustion of CD8Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- Cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: therapy resistance and emerging treatments.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- PFDN6L Gene Predicts Good Prognosis Associated with Its Inhibition of the Stem-Ness Properties in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Oncology research · 2025Article
- Stemness- and hypoxia-based prognostic stratification index reveals G6PD as a regulator of hypoxia-driven stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Construction of a Cancer Stem Cell related Histone Acetylation Regulatory Genes Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Bioinformatics Analysis: Implications for Tumor Chemotherapy and Immunity.Current stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The rapid development and remarkable success of checkpoint inhibitors have provided significant breakthroughs in cancer treatment, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, only 15-20% of HCC patients can benefit from checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for recurrence, metastasis, and local and systemic therapy resistance in HCC. Accumulating evidence has suggested that HCC CSCs can create an immunosuppressive microenvironment through certain intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, resulting in immune evasion. Intrinsic evasion mechanisms mainly include activation of immune-related CSC signaling pathways, low-level expression of antigen presenting molecules, and high-level expression of immunosuppressive molecules. External evasion mechanisms are mainly related to HBV/HCV infection, alcoholic/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hypoxia stimulation, abnormal angiogenesis, and crosstalk between CSCs and immune cells. A better understanding of the complex mechanisms of CSCs involved in immune evasion will contribute to therapies for HCC. Here we will outline the detailed mechanisms of immune evasion for CSCs, and provide an overview of the current immunotherapies targeting CSCs in HCC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.