ReviewTheranostics2021
Engineering exosomes for targeted drug delivery.
Review in Theranostics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 950 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
950 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exosomes in diabetic kidney disease: pathogenesis, biomarker discovery, and emerging therapeutics-a comprehensive systematic review.Renal failure · 2026Pooled it
- Nanomaterial-Based Precision Drug Delivery for Advanced Nephrology Therapy: A Systematic Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- Lactoferrin-modified MSC-derived extracellular vesicles facilitate BBB penetration and enhance gastrodin-induced neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease: involvement of mitophagy.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- The miR-212-3p/transferrin axis promotes bone regeneration by modulating iron homeostasis through Schwann cell Exosome-BMSCs communication.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Sprayable bioadhesive microcarriers loaded with Tβ4-Engineered ADSC exosomes for diabetic wound healing.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- M1 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-155-5p exacerbates aortic dissection via SMAD5-Mediated regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Effect of extracellular vesicles on malignant tumours: Mechanisms and clinical findings (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Therapeutic effects of exosome‑based hyperin delivery in a cyclophosphamide‑induced mouse model of diminished ovarian reserve.Molecular medicine reports · 2026Article
- Long non-coding RNAs in tuberculosis: Immune regulation and clinical biomarker potential.iScience · 2026Review
- Bioengineering strategies for improving the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Comparison of polyester (PET) capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber spin-down tips and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for the isolation of HEK 293-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs).Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Balancing stability and cellular interaction in surface-engineered small extracellular vesicles for pulmonary delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- CRISPR-Cas9 in Cancer Therapy: Overcoming Delivery Barriers and Off-Target Effects for Clinical Translation.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Expression and diagnostic significance of plasma exosomal RNA in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Review
- Engineering MSC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Cargo Delivery to the Injured Spinal Cord.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Adipocyte-derived exosomal miR-27a-3p promotes macrophage M1 polarization via HACE1/RAC1/STAT3 axis to exacerbate the progression of childhood asthma.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Advances in drug delivery systems for Osteoarthritis therapy: exosomes, microparticles, nanoparticles, and hydrogels.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
890 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that are involved in the intercellular transportation of materials. Therapeutics, such as small molecules or nucleic acid drugs, can be incorporated into exosomes and then delivered to specific types of cells or tissues to realize targeted drug delivery. Targeted delivery increases the local concentration of therapeutics and minimizes side effects. Here, we present a detailed review of exosomes engineering through genetic and chemical methods for targeted drug delivery. Although still in its infancy, exosome-mediated drug delivery boasts low toxicity, low immunogenicity, and high engineerability, and holds promise for cell-free therapies for a wide range of diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.