ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2021
Effects of Intense Pulsed Light on Tear Film TGF-β and Microbiome in Ocular Rosacea with Dry Eye.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03194698 (Pilot Study to Examine Efficacy and Cytokines Levels After Meibomian Gland Expression), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pilot Study to Examine Efficacy and Cytokines Levels After Meibomian Gland Expression (MGX) With and Without Intense Pulsed Light Treatment (IPL)
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current application of intense pulsed light for the management of dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Drugs with meibomian gland expression alone versus combined with intense pulsed light in ocular rosacea: a randomised controlled study.Eye (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Long-term efficacy of three treatments for severe MGD: a comparative study in Chinese patients.International ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Intense pulsed light as a multi-target intervention paradigm for refractory ocular surface diseases: a review.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Review
- Precision treatment of chalazion based on AI-driven risk stratification: a prospective study of triamcinolone acetonide combined with intense pulsed light therapy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Intense pulsed light therapy for ocular surface diseases.Lasers in medical science · 2024Review
- Vision through Healthy Aging Eyes.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Characterization and Prediction of the Clinical Outcome of Intense Pulsed Light-Based Treatment in Dry Eye Associated to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- A Review of Intense Pulsed Light in the Treatment of Ocular Rosacea.Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgeryReview
- Current practices and considerations in intense pulsed light therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction.Taiwan journal of ophthalmologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo assess tear film transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and ocular microbiome changes after intense pulsed light with meibomian gland expression (IPL-MGX) vs only MGX in treating ocular rosacea with dry eye symptoms.
methodsTwenty patients were randomly assigned to IPL-MGX or MGX. Patients were examined, treated, and administered the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) survey every 4-6 weeks for four total treatments. Tear film and conjunctival samples were collected at first and last visits, and analyzed for TGF-β concentration and 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing of ocular microbiome. Wilcoxon Rank Sum and Sign-Rank were used to examine changes from baseline.
resultsOSDI revealed significantly greater improvement in symptoms after IPL-MGX (p=0.030) compared to MGX. There was no significant difference in mean TGF-β1, 2, or 3 concentration after IPL-MGX (p=0.385, 0.709, 0.948, respectively). Quantities of
conclusionIPL-MGX improved dry eye symptoms more than MGX alone. IPL treatment offered no additional benefit to MGX in decreasing virulent bacteria present on the ocular surface and did not influence TGF-β levels in tears. Prospective studies on IPL-MGX with larger sample sizes are needed to further investigate cytokines and IPL in patients suffering from ocular rosacea with dry eye symptoms. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03194698.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.