ArticleAnnals of laboratory medicine2021
Causes of Positive Pretransplant Crossmatches in the Absence of Donor-Specific Anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen Antibodies: A Single-Center Experience.
Article in Annals of laboratory medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of non-HLA antibodies and their association with FIB-4 index-based fibrosis risk in pediatric liver transplant recipients with long-term graft survival (>10 years).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Non-human leukocyte antigen antibodies in kidney transplantation: pathogenic mechanisms, detection methods, and clinical implications.Clinical transplantation and research · 2025Review
- Effects of Various Concentrations of Pronase on Flow Cytometric Crossmatching Patients Treated With Rituximab and Donor HLA-Specific Antibodies.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2024Article
- Role of Complement-dependent Cytotoxicity Crossmatch and HLA Typing in Solid Organ Transplant.Reviews on recent clinical trials · 2024Review
- Donor-derived cell-free DNA predicted allograft rejection and severe microvascular inflammation in kidney transplant recipients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Observational
- Impact of Induction Immunosuppressants on T Lymphocyte Subsets after Kidney Transplantation: A Prospective Observational Study with Focus on Anti-Thymocyte Globulin and Basiliximab Induction Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Observational
- Impact of Low-level Donor-specific Antibody Determined With a Positive Luminex and Negative Flow Cytometric Crossmatch on Kidney Transplantation Outcomes.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2023Article
- Antibody Therapeutics as Interfering Agents in Flow Cytometry Crossmatch for Organ Transplantation.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Establishment of Reference Values for Non-HLA Antibodies in Patients With End-stage Renal Disease.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2023Article
- Combined Analysis of HLA Class II Eplet Mismatch and Tacrolimus Levels for the Prediction of De Novo Donor Specific Antibody Development in Kidney Transplant Recipients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- BSHI/BTS guidance on crossmatching before deceased donor kidney transplantation.International journal of immunogenetics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pretransplant crossmatch (XM) testing is widely used for detecting preformed donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) against human leukocyte antigen (HLA). However, in some cases, there is a positive XM result in the absence of HLA-DSAs, the cause of which was rarely identified. We reviewed the causes of sequential positive XM results at a single center and analyzed the presence of non-HLA antibodies in patients with an unexplained positive pretransplant XM result. Among 251 patients with T-cell/B-cell complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) or flow cytometric crossmatch (FCXM) positivity, HLA-DSAs were confirmed in 88 (35.1%) by a single antigen bead (SAB) assay, 150 (59.8%) used rituximab (anti-CD20), and 13 (5.2%) had neither HLA-DSAs nor a desensitization history. Anti-angiotensin II type 1 receptor IgG and 33 non-HLA antibodies were tested in the 13 patients with an unexplained positive pretransplant XM result, and more than one non-HLA antibody were revealed in all these patients; 11 patients had non-HLA antibodies reported to be associated with graft rejection, and two patients experienced rejection episode after kidney transplantation. Our study suggests considering non-HLA antibodies testing when a CDC or FCXM test is positive without a definite cause. Assessing non-HLA antibodies might be useful for interpreting XM results and evaluating immunologic risk in transplant recipients.
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