ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2021
Recurrent deletions in the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein drive antibody escape.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 385 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
385 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 585 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Microbiological research · 2023Pooled it
- Early, very high-titre convalescent plasma therapy in clinically vulnerable individuals with mild COVID-19: an international, randomised, open-label trial.EBioMedicine · 2025Trial
- Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 escape mutations during Bamlanivimab therapy in a phase II randomized clinical trial.Nature microbiology · 2022Trial
- Camelid VHHs as a Versatile Platform for Combating Viral Infections.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- NTD Remodeling in the SARS-CoV-2 BA.3.2 Variant May Influence Spike Stability and Immune Escape.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 caused infection in farmed minks: continuous surveillance of an 11-month outbreak at the largest Latvian mink farm.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- The glycosylation variant at residue 381 of the spike protein contributes to virulence shifts in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus during both natural field transmission and laboratory cell passaging with poor cross-protection.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- A Pandemic-Scale Ancestral Recombination Graph for SARS-CoV-2.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor trimerizes to lock the spike protein in a closed conformation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Intra-host SARS-CoV-2 diversity in immunocompromised people living with HIV provides insight into the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The Role of Probiotics and Their Postbiotic Metabolites in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Evolution of Antiviral Drug Resistance in SARS-CoV-2.Viruses · 2025Review
- Article
- The effect of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir on SARS-CoV-2 genome diversity in severe models of COVID-19.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Article
- Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 D614G, Alpha, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants in golden hamsters.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- Enhanced deep Convolutional Neural Network for SARS-CoV-2 variants classification.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Article
- Genome data artifacts and functional studies of deletion repair in the BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Emergence of the BA.2.87.1 lineage of SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa, a highly diverged BA.2-related lineage.Virus evolution · 2025Article
325 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Zoonotic pandemics, such as that caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can follow the spillover of animal viruses into highly susceptible human populations. The descendants of these viruses have adapted to the human host and evolved to evade immune pressure. Coronaviruses acquire substitutions more slowly than other RNA viruses. In the spike glycoprotein, we found that recurrent deletions overcome this slow substitution rate. Deletion variants arise in diverse genetic and geographic backgrounds, transmit efficiently, and are present in novel lineages, including those of current global concern. They frequently occupy recurrent deletion regions (RDRs), which map to defined antibody epitopes. Deletions in RDRs confer resistance to neutralizing antibodies. By altering stretches of amino acids, deletions appear to accelerate SARS-CoV-2 antigenic evolution and may, more generally, drive adaptive evolution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.