ArticleBMC public health2021
An investigation of depression, anxiety, and stress and its relating factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of impacts of COVID-19 on depression and anxiety among general populations around the world.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 2 million people.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Pregnancy in the Shadow of Covid-19: A Qualitative Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health: Sociodemographic Differences and the Moderating Effect of Religiosity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Understanding the Relationships Between Fear of COVID-19, Depression, Loneliness, and Life Satisfaction in Türkiye: Testing Mediation and Moderation Effects.Nursing open · 2025Article
- Effect of individual and provincial levels on stress among general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multilevel analysis using mental health survey in Thailand.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Evaluating the effect of planned online video visits on COVID-19 patients' anxiety and stress levels: A randomized clinical trial.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- Anxiety among pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.PloS one · 2025Article
- The Prevalence of Depression among the Global Public in the Context of the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Review
- Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress and associated reasons among Iranian primary healthcare workers: a mixed method study.BMC primary care · 2024Article
- A comparative analysis of stress, anxiety, and social well-being of working mothers and stay-at-home mothers during the covid pandemic.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Article
- Prevalence of death anxiety and its related factors in the population of eastern Iran: a cross-sectional study in the era of COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- A systematic review of studies on stress during the COVID-19 pandemic by visualizing their structure through COOC, VOS viewer, and Cite Space software.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and Biopolitics: An Essay on Iran.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2023Article
- Quantifying the benefits of healthy lifestyle behaviors and emotional expressivity in lowering the risk of COVID-19 infection: a national survey of Chinese population.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Predictive factors of anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Topic Modeling Analysis of Diabetes-Related Health Information during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Increased suicide rates in Mexico City during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak: An analysis spanning from 2016 to 2021.Heliyon · 2023Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging epidemic caused by the new Coronavirus. It has affected more than 200 countries, infected 5,939,234 people, and killed 367,255 in the world until 1 June 2020. While the disease epidemic could affect population mental health, this study aimed to investigate stress, anxiety, and depression during the Corona pandemic in Iran.
methodsAn online survey was designed using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. The questionnaire was available for all Iranian population from 18 to 28 April 2020. Finally, 1498 participants filled the questionnaire using snowball sampling. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression models.
resultsFindings showed that most participants had experienced a normal level of stress (36.6%), anxiety (57.9%) and depression (47.9%). About 2.5% of respondents report an extremely severe level of stress. This amount of anxiety and depression was 6.3 and 7.9%, respectively. Regression model showed being female (CI: - 1.299; - 0.248), living with a high risk family member (CI: 0.325; 1.400), health status (CI: - 0.857; - 0.595), economic status (CI: - 0.396; - 0.141), social capital (CI: - 0.475; - 0.244), risk of disease (CI: 0.081; 0.729), and following COVID-19 news (CI: 0.111; 0.551) have a relation with stress level. Education level (CI: - 0.252; - 0.017), living with a high risk family member (CI: 0.0301; 1.160), health status (CI: - 0.682; - 0.471), social capital (CI: - 0.236; - 0.048), risk of disease (CI: 0.154; 0.674), and following COVID-19 news (CI: 0.046; 0.401) have a relation with anxiety score. Depression score was in relation with education level (CI: - 0.263; - 0.022), having a high-risk family member (CI: 0.292; 1.155), health status (CI: - 0.687; - 0.476), social capital (CI: - 0.235; - 0.048), risk of disease (CI: 0.144; 0.667), and following Covid-19 news (CI: 0.053; 0.408).
conclusionsMost of the factors related to depression, anxiety, and stress are related to COVID-19, such as having a vulnerable person in the family, risk of disease, and following COVID-19 news. The findings suggest the factors that should be taken into consideration for improving population mental health during pandemics.
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