Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33535504›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Hybrid Mold: Comparative Study of Rapid and Hard Tooling for Injection Molding Application Using Metal Epoxy Composite (MEC).

Radhwan Hussin, Safian Sharif, Marcin Nabiałek, Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim, Mohd Tanwyn Mohd Khushairi, Mohd Azlan Suhaimi, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Mohd Hazwan Mohd Hanid, Jerzy J Wysłocki, Katarzyna Błoch

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Radhwan HussinSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknology Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia.
Safian SharifSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknology Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia.
Marcin NabiałekDepartment of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
Shayfull Zamree Abd RahimCenter of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 01000, Malaysia.
Mohd Tanwyn Mohd KhushairiIMU Centre for Life-Long Learning (ICL), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
Mohd Azlan SuhaimiSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknology Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-2115-2030
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri AbdullahCenter of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 01000, Malaysia.
Mohd Hazwan Mohd HanidCenter of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 01000, Malaysia.
Jerzy J WysłockiDepartment of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
Katarzyna BłochDepartment of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The mold-making industry is currently facing several challenges, including new competitors in the market as well as the increasing demand for a low volume of precision moldings. The purpose of this research is to appraise a new formulation of Metal Epoxy Composite (MEC) materials as a mold insert. The fabrication of mold inserts using MEC provided commercial opportunities and an alternative rapid tooling method for injection molding application. It is hypothesized that the addition of filler particles such as brass and copper powders would be able to further increase mold performance such as compression strength and thermal properties, which are essential in the production of plastic parts for the new product development. This study involved four phases, which are epoxy matrix design, material properties characterization, mold design, and finally the fabrication of the mold insert. Epoxy resins filled with brass (EB) and copper (EC) powders were mixed separately into 10 wt% until 30 wt% of the mass composition ratio. Control factors such as degassing time, curing temperature, and mixing time to increase physical and mechanical properties were optimized using the Response Surface Method (RSM). The study provided optimum parameters for mixing epoxy resin with fillers, where the degassing time was found to be the critical factor with 35.91%, followed by curing temperature with 3.53% and mixing time with 2.08%. The mold inserts were fabricated for EB and EC at 30 wt% based on the optimization outcome from RSM and statistical ANOVA results. It was also revealed that the EC mold insert offers better cycle time compared to EB mold insert material.

Indexed as

hybrid moldinjection molding processmaterial propertiesmetal epoxy composite (MEC)rapid tooling (RT)

Identifiers

PMID33535504
PMCPMC7867047

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.