Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33534808›Full record

ArticlePLoS computational biology2021

Dynamics of COVID-19 under social distancing measures are driven by transmission network structure.

Anjalika Nande, Ben Adlam, Justin Sheen, Michael Z Levy, Alison L Hill

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS computational biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed.

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  7. Epidemic evolutionarily stable strategies within an age-structured host population.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Anjalika NandeProgram for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0003-1726-6633
Ben AdlamProgram for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Justin SheenDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Michael Z LevyDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-4661-3764
Alison L HillProgram for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0002-6583-3623

Funding

An immune system for the city: a new paradigm for control of urban disease vectorsR01AI146129 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI LEVY, MICHAEL Z, PAZ-SOLDAN, VALERIE ANDREA · 2019 to 2023
$3.3M
Disrupting Vector-borne Disease Transmission in Complex Urban EnvironmentsR01AI101229 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI LEVY, MICHAEL Z · 2013 to 2017
$3.1M
Quantification and prediction of treatment efficacy for HIV cure strategiesDP5OD019851 · OD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI HILL, ALISON LYNN · 2014 to 2018
$2.1M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI101229NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI146129NIH HHS DP5 OD019851
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the absence of pharmaceutical interventions, social distancing is being used worldwide to curb the spread of COVID-19. The impact of these measures has been inconsistent, with some regions rapidly nearing disease elimination and others seeing delayed peaks or nearly flat epidemic curves. Here we build a stochastic epidemic model to examine the effects of COVID-19 clinical progression and transmission network structure on the outcomes of social distancing interventions. Our simulations show that long delays between the adoption of control measures and observed declines in cases, hospitalizations, and deaths occur in many scenarios. We find that the strength of within-household transmission is a critical determinant of success, governing the timing and size of the epidemic peak, the rate of decline, individual risks of infection, and the success of partial relaxation measures. The structure of residual external connections, driven by workforce participation and essential businesses, interacts to determine outcomes. We suggest limited conditions under which the formation of household "bubbles" can be safe. These findings can improve future predictions of the timescale and efficacy of interventions needed to control second waves of COVID-19 as well as other similar outbreaks, and highlight the need for better quantification and control of household transmission.

Indexed as

Physical DistancingAlgorithmsChinaCluster AnalysisCommunicable Disease ControlComputer SimulationCOVID-19Disease ProgressionEpidemicsHospitalizationHumansModels, TheoreticalResidence Characteristics

Identifiers

PMID33534808
PMCPMC7886148

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.