ArticlePharmaceutical research2021
Antibiofilm Effects of Macrolide Loaded Microneedle Patches: Prospects in Healing Infected Wounds.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging and Prospective Engineering Technologies Enabling Microneedle Based Vaccine Therapeutics.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Microneedle technology for enhanced topical treatment of skin infections.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Microneedle Assisted Drug Delivery for Wound Healing: Current State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Perspective.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- The Trilogy of Skin Regeneration via Metal-Organic Frameworks Nanomedicine: Precision Management of Refractory Wounds, Pathological Scarring, and Hair Follicle Reactivation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Smart drug delivery and responsive microneedles for wound healing.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Transcutaneous Delivery of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Via Microneedle-Assisted Iontophoretic Enhancement - A Potential Therapeutic Option for Inflammatory Disorders.Pharmaceutical research · 2024Article
- Article
- Improved Transdermal Delivery of Rabies Vaccine using Iontophoresis Coupled Microneedle Approach.Pharmaceutical research · 2023Article
- Delving into the Mechanisms of Sponge-AssociatedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Fabrication of Antibacterial Sponge Microneedles for Sampling Skin Interstitial Fluid.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Microneedles forMaterials today. Bio · 2023Review
- State of the Art in Constructing Gas-Propelled Dissolving Microneedles for Significantly Enhanced Drug-Loading and Delivery Efficiency.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Engineering of tetanus toxoid-loaded polymeric microneedle patches.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Article
- The most promising microneedle device: present and future of hyaluronic acid microneedle patch.Drug delivery · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimThe aim of this study was to fabricate polymeric microneedles, loaded with macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin), using hyaluronic acid and polyvinyl pyrollidone.
methodsThese microneedles were fabricated using a vacuum micromolding technique. The integrity of the microneedle patches was studied by recording their morphologic features, folding endurance, swelling and micro-piercing. Physicochemical characteristics were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In-vitro drug release, antibiofilm and effect of microneedle patch on wound healing were also studied to confirm the efficacy of the formulations.
resultsFormulated patches displayed acceptable folding endurance (>100) and uniform distribution of microneedles (10 × 10) that can penetrate parafilm. Differential scanning calorimetry results depict a decrease in the crystallinity of macrolides following their incorporation in to a polymer matrix. Percentage release of azithromycin and erythromycin from the polymeric patch formulations (over 30 min) was 90% and 63% respectively. Broadly, the zone of bacterial growth inhibition follows the same order for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. After 5 days of treatment with azithromycin patches, the wound healing was complete and skin structure (e.g. hair follicles and dermis) was regenerated.
conclusionIt was concluded that azithromycin loaded microneedle patches can be used to treat biofilms in the infected wounds.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.