ArticleEuropean radiology2021
Progressive gray matter hypertrophy with severity stages of insomnia disorder and its relevance for mood symptoms.
Article in European radiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural rather than functional brain alterations that characterize the differences between major depressive disorder and primary insomnia: a comparative meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Cortical thinning with increasing OSA severity stages in adult comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea and its relevance for respiration measures.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Abnormal functional activity in the cerebellar crus can distinguish patients with migraine with comorbid insomnia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Investigating the causal relationship between multimodal brain imaging-derived phenotypes and insomnia: A Mendelian randomization study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Disrupted gray matter structural covariance networks in chronic insomnia disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Cerebellum in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases: an emerging research frontier.MedComm · 2024Review
- Voxel-based morphometry in single subjects without a scanner-specific normal database using a convolutional neural network.European radiology · 2024Article
- Sex-specific grey matter abnormalities in individuals with chronic insomnia.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Neuromorphometric associations with mood, cognition, and self-reported exercise levels in epilepsy and healthy individuals.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2024Article
- Identifying major depressive disorder with associated sleep disturbances through fMRI regional homogeneity at rest.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Differences in Gray Matter Volume in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Patients with and without Sleep Disturbance.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Altered functional connectivity strength in chronic insomnia associated with gut microbiota composition and sleep efficiency.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- The aberrant dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in melancholic major depressive disorder with insomnia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the gray matter (GM) alterations in patients with insomnia disorder (ID) at different severity stages and the relationship between GM alterations and sleep, mood, and cognitive measures.
methodsOne hundred one ID patients and 63 healthy controls (HC) were included. Each patient underwent structural MRI and completed sleep-, mood-, and cognitive-related questionnaires. The ID patients were further grouped into subthreshold insomnia (SI) group and clinical insomnia (CI) group. We investigated changes in GM volumes in ID patients via diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie algebra voxel-based morphometry (DARTEL-VBM). We first compared voxel-wise differences in GM volumes between the HC group and the ID group. Analysis of variance was performed on individual GM maps in the SI, CI, and HC groups to further investigate the effects of different stages of ID severity on GM volumes. Multiple regression was used to model the relationship between altered GM volumes in SI and CI groups and clinical measures.
resultsGM hypertrophies in the left anterior and middle cingulate gyrus, right middle and inferior temporal gyrus, and right cerebellum Crus II were detected in ID. Increased GM volume in the right middle temporal gyrus was detected in the SI group, whereas all three regions in the CI group. Regression analysis showed that mood- and cognitive-related measures had a positive correlation with GM volumes, while sleep-related measures had a negative correlation with GM volumes in the CI group.
conclusionsOur findings of the progressively increased GM volumes in ID suggest that a hypertrophic cortical morphological mechanism may underlie the altered neuroanatomy induced by insomnia. KEY POINTS: • Insomnia-induced GM hypertrophies in the cingulate gyrus, temporal gyrus, and cerebellum Crus II. • The middle temporal gyrus was early detectable in the SI group. • The increased GM volumes in the CI group were correlated with clinical measures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.