ReviewJournal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open2021
Crucial considerations: Sex differences in the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of acute pulmonary embolism in non-pregnant adult patients.
Review in Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex as a prognostic factor for mortality in adults with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Sex-Based Differences in the Presentation and Outcomes of Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Texas Heart Institute journal · 2023Pooled it
- Comparative evaluation of safety and efficacy of dapoxetine, silodosin, and citalopram in the management of premature ejaculation: a randomized clinical trial.BMC urology · 2025Trial
- Investigator Gender Influence on Female Enrollment in Multicenter Vascular Trials: A Site-Level Analysis.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Patterns in Duration of Emergency Department Boarding and Variation by Sociodemographic Factors.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Disparities and trends in pulmonary embolism mortality with and without obesity: a nationwide US analysis.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- Gender disparities in high-risk pulmonary embolism: a nationwide analysis of management strategies and clinical outcomes.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Prognostic Value of Initial Inflammatory Biomarkers, ECG Findings, and Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Severity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- A Retrospective Perspective: Evaluating Pulmonary Embolism Risk Factors and Survival Trends.Annals of African medicine · 2025Article
- Improvement of artificial intelligence-based computed tomography pulmonary angiography in identifying acute pulmonary embolism.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Sex differences in time to testing for pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: a survival analysis.Clinical therapeutics · 2025Article
- Sex-Based Differences in Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with Pulmonary Embolism: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Trends in pulmonary embolism mortality in cancer patients in the United States from 1999-2022- A CDC Wonder database study.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Pulmonary Embolism in Women in the Era of Expanding Advanced Therapies.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Risk factors for pulmonary embolism: a case-control study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Deep learning-driven pulmonary artery and vein segmentation reveals demography-associated vasculature anatomical differences.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Dyspnea Management in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department at Cantonal Hospital Baselland-A Retrospective Observational Study and Medical Audit.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Advanced Therapeutic Interventions for Intermediate- and High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism.Clinical therapeutics · 2024Article
- The Evolving Roles of Sex and Gender in Acute Care Medicine.Clinical therapeutics · 2024Article
- CT-Derived Features as Predictors of Clot Burden and Resolution.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) affects over 600,000 Americans per year and is a common diagnostic consideration among emergency department patients. Although there are well-documented differences in the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of cardiovascular conditions, such as ischemic heart disease and stroke, the influence of sex and gender on PE remains poorly understood. The overall age-adjusted incidence of PE is similar in women and men, but women have higher relative rates of PE during early and mid-adulthood (ages 20-40 years); whereas, men have higher rates of PE after age 60 years. Women are tested for PE at far higher rates than men, yet women who undergo computed tomography pulmonary angiography are ultimately diagnosed with PE 35%-55% less often than men. Among those diagnosed with PE, women are more likely to have severe clinical features, such as hypotension and signs of right ventricular dysfunction. When controlled for PE severity, women are less likely to receive reperfusion therapies, such as thrombolysis. Finally, women have more bleeding complications for all types of anticoagulation. Further investigation of possible sex-specific diagnostic and treatment algorithms is necessary in order to more accurately detect and treat acute PE in non-pregnant adults.
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