Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33532516›Full record

ArticleTobacco regulatory science2021

No Butts on the Beach: Aquatic Toxicity of Cigarette Butt Leachate Chemicals.

P Dilip Venugopal, Shannon K Hanna, Gregory G Gagliano, Hoshing W Chang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco regulatory science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

P Dilip VenugopalP. Dilip Venugopal, Interdisciplinary Scientist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States. Shannon K. Hanna, Lead Biologist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States. Gregory G. Gagliano, Lead Toxicologist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States. Hoshing W. Chang, Supervisory Toxicologist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States.
Shannon K HannaP. Dilip Venugopal, Interdisciplinary Scientist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States. Shannon K. Hanna, Lead Biologist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States. Gregory G. Gagliano, Lead Toxicologist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States. Hoshing W. Chang, Supervisory Toxicologist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States.
Gregory G GaglianoP. Dilip Venugopal, Interdisciplinary Scientist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States. Shannon K. Hanna, Lead Biologist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States. Gregory G. Gagliano, Lead Toxicologist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States. Hoshing W. Chang, Supervisory Toxicologist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States.
Hoshing W ChangP. Dilip Venugopal, Interdisciplinary Scientist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States. Shannon K. Hanna, Lead Biologist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States. Gregory G. Gagliano, Lead Toxicologist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States. Hoshing W. Chang, Supervisory Toxicologist, Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, MD, United States.

Funding

Intramural FDA HHS FD999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesToxic pollutants leaching from littered cigarette butts (CB) raise environmental impact concerns. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is required to assess the environmental impacts of its tobacco regulatory actions per the US National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

methodsWe determined the chemical constituents in CB leachate through analyses of 109 field-collected CB and literature compilation and characterized their ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms.

resultsOne-third of the 98 identified CB leachate chemicals were very toxic and 10% were toxic to aquatic organisms due to acute and chronic toxicity. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, phthalates, nicotine and volatile organic compounds were the most hazardous CB leachate chemicals for aquatic organisms. Of the 98 CB leachate chemicals, 25 are included in FDA's list of harmful or potentially harmful constituents in tobacco products and tobacco smoke.

conclusionsOur study quantifies CB leachate constituents, characterizes their ecological hazard and identifies chemicals of concern. Thus, it aids in evaluating the environmental impacts of tobacco products per NEPA requirements. These results provide important information for strategies to prevent and reduce CB litter (eg, awareness programs, litter laws enforcement), thereby reducing environmental hazards from CB toxicants.

Indexed as

cigarette buttsecological risk assessmentecotoxicologyenvironmental impactsNational Environmental Policy Acttobacco regulation

Identifiers

PMID33532516
PMCPMC7849351

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.