ArticleAging and disease2021
Metabolic Healthy Obesity, Vitamin D Status, and Risk of COVID-19.
Article in Aging and disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity and mortality.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D Status and SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- The role of vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Epidemiology and health · 2021Pooled it
- Identifying direct risk factors in UK Biobank via simultaneous Bayesian-frequentist model-averaged hypothesis testing using Doublethink.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Metabolic health is more strongly associated with the severity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 than obesity.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- The Intersection of COVID-19 and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Shared Mechanisms, Treatment Challenges, and Potential Therapeutic Approaches.Aging and disease · 2023Review
- Association between metabolically healthy obesity and risk of atrial fibrillation: taking physical activity into consideration.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
- Obesity, Hypovitaminosis D, and COVID-19: the Bermuda Triangle in Public Health.Current obesity reports · 2022Review
- Reviving the mutual impact of SARS-COV-2 and obesity on patients: From morbidity to mortality.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Review
- Conflict of Interests in the Scientific Production on Vitamin D and COVID-19: A Scoping Review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Cholecalciferol level and its impact on COVID-19 patients.The Egyptian journal of internal medicine · 2022Article
- Innate Immunity in Children and the Role of ACE2 Expression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Pediatric reports · 2021Review
- Vitamin D and COVID-19 severity and related mortality: a prospective study in Italy.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- A Brief Overview of Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue with a Therapeutic Approach to Taking Antioxidant Supplements.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aging and obesity-related conditions seem to worsen the effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study assessed the possible roles of metabolic/obesity phenotypes and vitamin D status in increasing the greater severity of COVID-19. We studied 353,299 UK Biobank participants from England with a mean age of 67.7 years. Metabolic/obesity phenotypes were defined as a combination of metabolic components (hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes) and obesity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to test whether the addition of metabolic disorders and vitamin D insufficiency increased obesity associations with COVID-19 hospitalization, confirmed COVID-19, and severe COVID-19. Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) represented 12.3% of the total analytic samples, and 21.5%, 18.5%, and 19.8% of the included subpopulations with COVID-19 hospitalization, confirmed COVID-19, and severe COVID-19, respectively. Vitamin D insufficiency phenotypes represented 53.5% of the total analytic samples, and 59.5%, 61.7%, and 61.5% of the included subpopulations with COVID-19 hospitalization, confirmed COVID-19, and severe COVID-19, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression, MUHO and vitamin D insufficiency and their combination were significantly associated with COVID-19 illness severity (odds ratio [OR] for COVID-19 hospitalization = 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.02-2.70; OR for confirmed COVID-19 = 2.06, 95% CI, 1.58-2.70; OR for severe COVID-19 = 2.06, 95% CI, 1.47-2.87). Elderly men were prone to have a higher risk of COVID-19 than women. Our findings showed that MUHO and vitamin D insufficiency are associated with a significantly increased risk of COVID-19 severity, especially for adults 65 years and older. Susceptible individuals should be aware of their conditions and avoid contact with new coronavirus.
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