ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2021
Comparison of Safety and Efficacy Between Ab Interno and Ab Externo Approaches to XEN Gel Stent Placement.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of XEN gel stent for management of open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PeerJ · 2026Pooled it
- Minimally Invasive Bleb Surgery for Glaucoma: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2024Pooled it
- The efficacy of XEN gel stent implantation in glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- The Outcomes of XEN Gel Stent Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- [Trabecular, suprachoroidal and subconjunctival innovative glaucoma surgery : S1 guidelines of the German Society of Ophthalmology (DOG) and the German Professional Association of Ophthalmologists (BVA)].Die Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Update on XEN Gel Stent: A Narrative Review on Indications, Surgical Technique, and Postoperative Management.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Short-Term Preliminary Results of Outcomes with and without Tenonectomy During Open Conjunctival XEN45 Gel Stent Implantation.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Ab-externo Approach versus Ab-interno Approach of XEN45 Gel Stent Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Endophthalmitis in XEN45 Gel Stent: Case report and review of the literature.SAGE open medical case reports · 2026Article
- One-Year Outcomes of Repeat XEN Gel Stent Implantation for Prior XEN Failure: A Retrospective Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- XEN‑45 implantation for refractory secondary glaucoma.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Comparison of XEN45 Gel Stent Outcomes in Glaucoma: Ab Externo Open-Conjunctiva Approach with Ologen vs. Ab Interno Closed-Conjunctiva Approach.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Ab Externo Open Conjunctiva XENJournal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Ab externo open conjunctiva XENJournal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- One-Year Real-World Outcomes of Ab-Externo Gel Stent Placement From the EXPAND Study.Journal of glaucoma · 2025Article
- Management of fracture and displacement of a previously successful bilateral transconjunctival ab-externo XEN gel stent: a case report.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Xen-DS: a novel technique of ab externo Xen implantation augmented with a modified deep sclerectomy for surgical treatment of glaucoma.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Double implantation of Xen 45 gel stent in primary open-angle glaucoma: a pilot study.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Short-Term Outcomes of XEN45 Standalone versus Combined with Phacoemulsification in Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- One-Year Outcomes of Ab Externo XEN45 Gel Stent Implantation with an Open Conjunctiva Approach in Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo compare the safety and efficacy of two different techniques for implantation of the XEN Gel Stent, a minimally invasive surgical device for the treatment of refractory glaucoma.
methodsA retrospective chart review of eyes that received ab interno or ab externo XEN Gel Stent placement from February 2017 to October 2019 was conducted. A single surgeon (NMR) performed all operations. Eyes that received the XEN implant concomitant with a glaucoma drainage device insertion or that were lost to 6-month follow-up were excluded. Intraocular pressure (IOP) change, change in glaucoma medications, frequency of slit lamp revision procedures, and frequency of secondary glaucoma surgeries were the primary outcomes compared between groups.
resultsFifty eyes that underwent ab interno placement and 30 eyes that underwent ab externo placement were studied. The ab interno cohort demonstrated a mean IOP reduction of 8.4 ± 1.7 mmHg (28.6% decrease) by 12 months, compared to a mean reduction of 12.8 ± 3.0 mmHg (40.1% decrease) in the ab externo group (p = 0.208). Mean reduction in medication use was 1.81 ± 0.29 medications in the ab interno group and 1.86 ± 0.37 in the ab externo group (p = 0.913). By 12 months, 58% of ab interno eyes had required 5-fluorouracil injection compared to 36.7% of ab externos (p = 0.105). Bleb needling was applied to 42% and 26.7% of the eyes, respectively (p = 0.231). A second glaucoma surgery was necessary for 20% of the ab interno cohort and 10% of the ab externo cohort (p = 0.351).
conclusionThere were no differences in outcomes between ab interno and ab externo placement of the XEN Gel Stent. Both approaches are safe and effective for lowering IOP.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.