ReviewSignal transduction and targeted therapy2021
Immunological surrogate endpoints of COVID-2019 vaccines: the evidence we have versus the evidence we need.
Review in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Serological response following COVID-19 vaccines in patients living with HIV: a dose-response meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Seroconversion rate after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with solid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of covid-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Pooled it
- Antibody Responses to COVID-19 Vaccination in Cancer: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Serological reactivity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on an S-RBD neutralizing antibody assay.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Trial
- Considerations for assessing the feasibility of network meta-analysis of seasonal vaccines.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Article
- Impaired antibody responses to heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 vaccination in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Quantitative Immunoglobulin G and Interferon-Gamma Responses After Different Booster Strategies of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 Vaccines in Türkiye.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Review
- COVID-19 Vaccination in Liver Cirrhosis: Safety and Immune and Clinical Responses.GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Retrospective study about clinical severity and epidemiological analysis of the COVID-19 Omicron subvariant lineage-infected patients in Hohhot, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Translatability scoring in prospective and retrospective COVID drug development cases.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Article
- Lassa fever vaccine candidates: A scoping review of vaccine clinical trials.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2023Article
- Article
- Utility of Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S in ascertaining post-vaccine neutralizing antibodies.Journal of clinical virology plus · 2023Article
- COVID-19 vaccination prevents a more severe course and treatment with complement inhibitors reduce worsening hemolysis during the Omicron pandemic in patients with PNH: a single-center study.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Cytokine Receptor Allele Frequency, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of New COVID-19 Vaccine in Different Setting.International journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Association between Recent Usage of Antibiotics and Immunogenicity within Six Months after COVID-19 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, over 200 vaccine candidates against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) are under development and currently moving forward at an unparalleled speed. The availability of surrogate endpoints would help to avoid large-scale filed efficacy trials and facilitate the approval of vaccine candidates, which is crucial to control COVID-19 pandemic. Several phase 3 efficacy trials of COVID-19 vaccine candidates are under way, which provide opportunities for the determination of COVID-19 correlates of protection. In this paper, we review current knowledge for existence of COVID-19 correlates of protection, methods for assessment of immune correlates of protection and issues related to COVID-19 correlates of protection.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.