ReviewDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2021
The Novel Perspectives Opened by ST2 in the Pandemic: A Review of Its Role in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Patients with Heart Failure and COVID-19.
Review in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recent advances in biomarkers for cardiac fibrosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Soluble ST2 as a biomarker for predicting severe adverse events among pediatric patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.PloS one · 2026Article
- Novel cardiac biomarkers and multiple-marker approach in the early detection, prognosis, and risk stratification of cardiac diseases.World journal of cardiology · 2025Review
- The Role and Implications of COVID-19 in Incident and Prevalent Heart Failure.Current heart failure reports · 2024Review
- Possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-associated myocardial fibrosis: reflections in the post-pandemic era.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- A Review of Heart Failure in Patients with COVID-19.Heart failure clinics · 2023Review
- An Overview of the Impact of Bacterial Infections and the Associated Mortality Predictors in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to a Tertiary Center from Eastern Europe.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Soluble ST2 as a Useful Biomarker for Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Therapeutic Role of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Acute Heart Failure: From Pathophysiologic Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence with Pooled Analysis of Relevant Studies across Safety and Efficacy Endpoints of Interest.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Investigation of hs-TnI and sST-2 as Potential Predictors of Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Survived Hospitalization for COVID-19 Pneumonia.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- A Real Pandora's Box in Pandemic Times: A Narrative Review on the Acute Cardiac Injury Due to COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Cardiovascular Biomarkers for Prediction of in-hospital and 1-Year Post-discharge Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Mortality Predictors in Severe COVID-19 Patients from an East European Tertiary Center: A Never-Ending Challenge for a No Happy Ending Pandemic.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on the Prognosis and Profile of Patients Admitted for Acute Heart Failure during COVID-19 Pandemic: Overestimated Aspects or a Multifaceted Hydra of Cardiovascular Risk Factors?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Biomarkers in the management of acute heart failure: state of the art and role in COVID-19 era.ESC heart failure · 2021Review
- Soluble ST2 concentrations associate with in-hospital mortality and need for mechanical ventilation in unselected patients with COVID-19.Open heart · 2021Observational
- Clinical Relevance of Elevated Soluble ST2, HSP27 and 20S Proteasome at Hospital Admission in Patients with COVID-19.Biology · 2021Article
- Beyond the Finish Line: The Impact and Dynamics of Biomarkers in Physical Exercise-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- A Novel Paradigm Based on ST2 and Its Contribution towards a Multimarker Approach in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Heart Failure: A Prospective Study during the Pandemic Storm.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Early Measurement of Blood sST2 Is a Good Predictor of Death and Poor Outcomes in Patients Admitted for COVID-19 Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The increasing incidence of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and its polymorphic clinical manifestations due to local and systemic inflammation represent a high burden for many public health systems. Multiple evidence revealed the interdependence between the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities and a severe course of COVID-19, with heart failure (HF) being incriminated as an independent predictor of mortality. Suppression of tumorigenicity-2 ST2 has emerged as one of the most promising biomarkers in assessing the evolution and prognosis of patients with HF. The uniqueness of ST2 is determined by its structural particularities. Its transmembrane isoform exerts cardioprotective effects, while the soluble isoform (sST2), which is detectable in serum, is associated with myocardial fibrosis and poor outcome in patients with HF. Some recent data also suggested the potential role of sST2 as a marker of inflammation, while other studies highlighted it as a valuable prognostic factor in patients with COVID-19. In this review, we summarized the pathways by which sST2 is related to myocardial injury and its connection to the severity of inflammation in patients with COVID-19. Also, we reviewed possible perspectives of using it as a dual cardio-inflammatory biomarker, for both early diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis assessment of patients with concomitant HF and COVID-19.
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