ArticleBiology2021
One Year of SARS-CoV-2: How Much Has the Virus Changed?
Article in Biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed.
- A computationally designed antigen eliciting broad humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 and related sarbecoviruses.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- In Silico and In Vitro development of novel small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to inhibit SARS-CoV-2.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- In-silico evaluation of the T-cell based immune response against SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Genome sequencing of SARS-Co-V-2 reveals mutations including F559I and V781D in S protein and LI123-124L in the nsp6 in 21K and 21L clades.Virusdisease · 2024Article
- Non-Covalent Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-Like Protease (PLpro): In Vitro and In Vivo Antiviral Activity.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Comparative Atlas of SARS-CoV-2 Substitution Mutations: A Focus on Iranian Strains Amidst Global Trends.Viruses · 2024Article
- Progressive Evolutionary Dynamics of Gene-Specific ω Led to the Emergence of Novel SARS-CoV-2 Strains Having Super-Infectivity and Virulence with Vaccine Neutralization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- BRD4354 Is a Potent Covalent Inhibitor against the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.Biochemistry · 2024Article
- Article
- Substitution spectra of SARS-CoV-2 genome from Pakistan reveals insights into the evolution of variants across the pandemic.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Use of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in COVID-19 related strokes.Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
- Binding and inactivation of human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, onto purified clinoptilolite-tuff.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Evaluating Data Sharing of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes for Molecular Epidemiology across the COVID-19 Pandemic.Viruses · 2023Article
- Review
- Partial sequence conservation of SARS-CoV-2 NSP-2, NSP-12, and Spike in stool samples from Abadan, Iran.Biotechnology and applied biochemistry · 2023Article
- Convergent Evolution Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV Surface Envelope Glycoproteins Driven by Host Cell Surface Receptors and Lipid Rafts: Lessons for the Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Biophysical and biochemical insights in the design of immunoassays.Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- Amino acid variants of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease have impact on drug binding.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a worldwide crisis with profound effects on both public health and the economy. In order to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, research groups have shared viral genome sequence data through the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID). Over the past year, ≈290,000 full SARS-CoV-2 proteome sequences have been deposited in the GISAID. Here, we used these sequences to assess the rate of nonsynonymous mutants over the entire viral proteome. Our analysis shows that SARS-CoV-2 proteins are mutating at substantially different rates, with most of the viral proteins exhibiting little mutational variability. As anticipated, our calculations capture previously reported mutations that arose in the first months of the pandemic, such as D614G (Spike), P323L (NSP12), and R203K/G204R (Nucleocapsid), but they also identify more recent mutations, such as A222V and L18F (Spike) and A220V (Nucleocapsid), among others. Our comprehensive temporal and geographical analyses show two distinct periods with different proteome mutation rates: December 2019 to July 2020 and August to December 2020. Notably, some mutation rates differ by geography, primarily during the latter half of 2020 in Europe. Furthermore, our structure-based molecular analysis provides an exhaustive assessment of SARS-CoV-2 mutation rates in the context of the current set of 3D structures available for SARS-CoV-2 proteins. This emerging sequence-to-structure insight is beginning to illuminate the site-specific mutational (in)tolerance of SARS-CoV-2 proteins as the virus continues to spread around the globe.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.