Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33530321›Full record

ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2021

How to Evaluate Non-Growing Cells-Current Strategies for Determining Antimicrobial Resistance of VBNC Bacteria.

Susanne Fleischmann, Christian Robben, Thomas Alter, Peter Rossmanith, Patrick Mester

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  11. Monitoring Sublethal Injury inFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Flow cytometry study ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
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  17. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Susanne FleischmannInstitute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Christian RobbenChristian-Doppler Laboratory for Monitoring of Microbial Contaminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Wien, Austria.
Thomas AlterInstitute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
Peter RossmanithJoint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Patrick MesterUnit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Wien, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-3193-4987

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thanks to the achievements in sanitation, hygiene practices, and antibiotics, we have considerably improved in our ongoing battle against pathogenic bacteria. However, with our increasing knowledge about the complex bacterial lifestyles and cycles and their plethora of defense mechanisms, it is clear that the fight is far from over. One of these resistance mechanisms that has received increasing attention is the ability to enter a dormancy state termed viable but non-culturable (VBNC). Bacteria that enter the VBNC state, either through unfavorable environmental conditions or through potentially lethal stress, lose their ability to grow on standard enrichment media, but show a drastically increased tolerance against antimicrobials including antibiotics. The inability to utilize traditional culture-based methods represents a considerable experimental hurdle to investigate their increased antimicrobial resistance and impedes the development and evaluation of effective treatments or interventions against bacteria in the VBNC state. Although experimental approaches were developed to detect and quantify VBNCs, only a few have been utilized for antimicrobial resistance screening and this review aims to provide an overview of possible methodological approaches.

Indexed as

antibiotic resistanceantimicrobial resistancebacterial viabilitylive/deadtoleranceVBNCviability PCRviable but non-culturable

Identifiers

PMID33530321
PMCPMC7912045

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.