GuidelineMycoses2021
Guideline: Vulvovaginal candidosis (AWMF 015/072, level S2k).
Guideline in Mycoses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Voriconazole Loaded Spanlastics: Design, Formulation, Optimization, and Randomized Controlled Clinical Insights for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Therapy.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Trial
- Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives in vulvodynia: From current evidence to future investigations.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Species Distribution ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Vaginal PRA1 identifies clinically relevant Candida albicans vaginitis and excludes asymptomatic colonization: an exploratory study.BMC microbiology · 2026Observational
- Clinical evaluation of Candida albicans enolase 1 as a novel biomarker for vulvovaginal candidiasis: a pilot study demonstrating rule-out capability.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Anti-Candida albicans and anti-virulence activities of vaginal Lactobacillus strains from asymptomatic women: phenotypic characterization and prediction of antimicrobial peptide gene clusters.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- From Identification to Resistance: Contemporary Insights into Candida Species Causing Vaginitis.Cureus · 2026Review
- Epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis in China: a six-year retrospective single-center study from a tertiary obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Shanghai.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Role of vulvovaginal infection in women with short cervix: An observational clinical trial.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Observational
- Limosilactobacillus fermentum 21 N1 Mitigates Candida albicans-Induced Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Suppresses NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in a Mouse Model.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Tools for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: Current and Emerging Antifungal Agents.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dual effects of vaginal Candida albicans on human papillomavirus infection: A large-scale multicenter study in Chinese women.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Advances in vulvovaginal candidiasis research: a comprehensive review from epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment to resistance mechanisms.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Non-Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- D-lactic acid inhibits Candida albicans associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis: in vitro and in vivo effects and underlying mechanisms.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- The vaginal microecological evaluation of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in uterine leiomyoma patients.BMC women's health · 2025Observational
- VaginalBiofilm · 2025Article
- Molecular epidemiology ofVirulence · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Approximately 70-75% of women will have vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) at least once in their lifetime. In premenopausal, pregnant, asymptomatic and healthy women and women with acute VVC, Candida albicans is the predominant species. The diagnosis of VVC should be based on clinical symptoms and microscopic detection of pseudohyphae. Symptoms alone do not allow reliable differentiation of the causes of vaginitis. In recurrent or complicated cases, diagnostics should involve fungal culture with species identification. Serological determination of antibody titres has no role in VVC. Before the induction of therapy, VVC should always be medically confirmed. Acute VVC can be treated with local imidazoles, polyenes or ciclopirox olamine, using vaginal tablets, ovules or creams. Triazoles can also be prescribed orally, together with antifungal creams, for the treatment of the vulva. Commonly available antimycotics are generally well tolerated, and the different regimens show similarly good results. Antiseptics are potentially effective but act against the physiological vaginal flora. Neither a woman with asymptomatic colonisation nor an asymptomatic sexual partner should be treated. Women with chronic recurrent Candida albicans vulvovaginitis should undergo dose-reducing maintenance therapy with oral triazoles. Unnecessary antimycotic therapies should always be avoided, and non-albicans vaginitis should be treated with alternative antifungal agents. In the last 6 weeks of pregnancy, women should receive antifungal treatment to reduce the risk of vertical transmission, oral thrush and diaper dermatitis of the newborn. Local treatment is preferred during pregnancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.