ArticlePloS one2021
Antibiofilm and antipersister activity of acetic acid against extensively drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAW1.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acetic Acid Bacteria: Metabolic Potential, Technological Applications and Emerging Probiotic Functions.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Semiconducting Polymer-Based Nanocomposite for Photothermal Elimination ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- In Vivo Antimicrobial Activity of Nisin Z AgainstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Lactobacillus acidophilus (strain Scav) postbiotic metabolites reduce infection and modulate inflammation in an in vivo model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infection.Journal of applied microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Acetic Acid in Comparison With Three Disinfectants Against Bacteria Isolated From Hospital High-Touch Surfaces.Scientifica · 2025Article
- Efficacy and optimal dose of acetic acid to treat colonised burns wounds: protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Photodynamic Therapy, Probiotics, Acetic Acid, and Essential Oil in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds Infected withPharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Bacteriostatic and Antibiofilm Efficacy of a Nisin Z Solution against Co-Cultures ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Characterization of NovelMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Synergistic effect of antibiotic combinations onBiofilm · 2022Article
- Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potency of Menadione Against Multidrug-Resistant S. aureus.Current microbiology · 2022Article
- Efficacy of Surgical/Wound Washes against Bacteria: Effect of Different In Vitro Models.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Synergistic and antibiofilm potential ofFrontiers in chemistry · 2022Article
- Short-chain fatty acids inhibit the biofilm formation of Streptococcus gordonii through negative regulation of competence-stimulating peptide signaling pathway.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an ESKAPE pathogen associated with difficult-to-treat burn wound and surgical-site infections. This study aimed to characterise an extensively drug resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa isolate (designated PAW1) and to investigate the antibiofilm and antipersister effect of acetic acid on PAW1. PAW1 was identified using biotypic (VITEK) and genotypic (16S rDNA) analysis. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc susceptibility testing showed high level resistance against all antibiotics from classes including beta lactams, cephems, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. It was therefore identified as extensively drug resistant (XDR), showing resistance to all antibiotics except for, aminoglycoside (gentamicin and netilmicin) and lipopeptides (polymyxin B). Time kill assays showed antibiotic tolerant, persister cell formation in presence of 100X MICs of gentamicin and polymyxin B. Other virulence traits such as ability to produce lipase, protease, haemolysin, and siderophores and to form biofilms were additional factors which may contribute to its pathogenicity. PAW1 showed promising susceptibility against acetic acid with MIC and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of 0.156% (v/v). Percent viability of PAW1 was dependent on dose and treatment time of acetic acid. 0.625% acetic acid treatment of 5 minutes was effective in killing >90% planktonic cells showing lesser toxicity to L929 cells (IC50 = 0.625%). Biofilm disruption caused due to acetic acid was also dose dependent, showing 40.57% disruption after treatment with 0.625% acetic acid for 5 minutes. FESEM imaging and live dead staining of planktonic and biofilm forms of PAW1 confirmed that acetic acid treatment caused 19.04% of cell shrinkage and disruption of extracellular matrix resulting in killing of cells. Antipersister activity of acetic acid was demonstrated by showing complete killing of PAW1 at 4X MIC. Overall, this study characterised an XDR isolate P. aeruginosa showing resistance and tolerance to various antibiotics. Antipersister and antibiofilm effect of acetic acid demonstrates the importance of forgotten topical agents as an effective strategy to treat XDR pathogens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.