Trial reportThe Journal of clinical investigation2021
The COVID-19 immune landscape is dynamically and reversibly correlated with disease severity.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 and the Immune Response: A Multi-Phasic Approach to the Treatment of COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Immunothrombosis in Acute Respiratory Dysfunction of COVID-19.Frontiers in immunologyPooled it
- Multimodal single-cell omics analysis identifies epithelium-immune cell interactions and immune vulnerability associated with sex differences in COVID-19.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2021Trial
- Flow Cytometric Challenges in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell (pDC) Identification: Limitation of BDCA-4 (CD304)-Based Gating.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Proteomic Analyses in COVID-19-Associated Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.Critical care explorations · 2025Observational
- Pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection at the extremes of age: decipher the ominous tales of immune vulnerability.Advanced biotechnology · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection elucidates features of pregnancy-specific immunity.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Identification of biomarkers for COVID-19 associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Distinct subsets of anti-pulmonary autoantibodies correlate with disease severity and survival in severe COVID-19 patients.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Innate immune cell activation causes lung fibrosis in a humanized model of long COVID.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Tissue factor activity of small and large extracellular vesicles in different diseases.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2023Article
- Neutrophils during SARS-CoV-2 infection: Friend or foe?Immunological reviews · 2023Review
- GeoWaVe: geometric median clustering with weighted voting for ensemble clustering of cytometry data.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Correlation between Type I Interferon Associated Factors and COVID-19 Severity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Low quantity and quality of anti-spike humoral response is linked to CD4 T-cell apoptosis in COVID-19 patients.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- Heterogeneity and Risk of Bias in Studies Examining Risk Factors for Severe Illness and Death in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Assessment of Virological Contributions to COVID-19 Outcomes in a Longitudinal Cohort of Hospitalized Adults.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Is There a Need for a More Precise Description of Biomolecule Interactions to Understand Cell Function?Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Review
- Low levels ofiScience · 2022Article
- Longitudinally monitored immune biomarkers predict the timing of COVID-19 outcomes.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUNDDespite a rapidly growing body of literature on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), our understanding of the immune correlates of disease severity, course, and outcome remains poor.METHODSUsing mass cytometry, we assessed the immune landscape in longitudinal whole-blood specimens from 59 patients presenting with acute COVID-19 and classified based on maximal disease severity. Hospitalized patients negative for SARS-CoV-2 were used as controls.RESULTSWe found that the immune landscape in COVID-19 formed 3 dominant clusters, which correlated with disease severity. Longitudinal analysis identified a pattern of productive innate and adaptive immune responses in individuals who had a moderate disease course, whereas those with severe disease had features suggestive of a protracted and dysregulated immune response. Further, we identified coordinate immune alterations accompanying clinical improvement and decline that were also seen in patients who received IL-6 pathway blockade.CONCLUSIONThe hospitalized COVID-19 negative cohort allowed us to identify immune alterations that were shared between severe COVID-19 and other critically ill patients. Collectively, our findings indicate that selection of immune interventions should be based in part on disease presentation and early disease trajectory due to the profound differences in the immune response in those with mild to moderate disease and those with the most severe disease.FUNDINGBenaroya Family Foundation, the Leonard and Norma Klorfine Foundation, Glenn and Mary Lynn Mounger, and the National Institutes of Health.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.