Observational studyJournal of medical Internet research2021
Use of Physiological Data From a Wearable Device to Identify SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Symptoms and Predict COVID-19 Diagnosis: Observational Study.
Observational study in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Wearable Devices to Diagnose and Monitor the Progression of COVID-19 Through Heart Rate Variability Measurement: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies with Control Groups.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- The performance of wearable sensors in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review.The Lancet. Digital health · 2022Pooled it
- Recent Academic Research on Clinically Relevant Digital Measures: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Pooled it
- Feasibility of wearable sensor signals and self-reported symptoms to prompt at-home testing for acute respiratory viruses in the USA (DETECT-AHEAD): a decentralised, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Digital health · 2024Trial
- Characterization of Influenza-Like Illness Burden Using Commercial Wearable Sensor Data and Patient-Reported Outcomes: Mixed Methods Cohort Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Trial
- Accuracy and Systematic Biases of Heart Rate Measurements by Consumer-Grade Fitness Trackers in Postoperative Patients: Prospective Clinical Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Digital Phenotyping in Health Research: Scoping Review of Methods, Gaps, and Opportunities.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Clinical Evidence of Wearable-Derived Heart Rate Variability for Detecting Systemic Inflammation: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Characterization of Post-Viral Infection Behaviors Among Patients With Long COVID: Prospective, Observational, Longitudinal Cohort Analyses of Fitbit Data and Patient-Reported Outcomes.JMIR formative research · 2025Observational
- Wearable devices detect physiological changes that precede and are associated with symptomatic and inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis flares.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Atrial Fibrillation in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Clinical Impact, and Monitoring Strategies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- An infection prediction model developed from inpatient data can predict out-of-hospital COVID-19 infections from wearable data when controlled for dataset shift.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Wearable Devices Detect Physiological Changes that Precede and Are Associated with Symptomatic and Inflammatory Rheumatoid Arthritis Flares.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Heart Rate Variability Applications in Medical Specialties: A Narrative Review.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2025Review
- Classification of Individuals With COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Condition and Healthy Controls Using Heart Rate Variability: Machine Learning Study With a Near-Real-Time Monitoring Component.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Automatic detection of persistent physiological changes after COVID infection via wearable devices with potential for long COVID management.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Heart rate variability in female soccer players, before, during, and after a COVID-19 positive test.Scientific reports · 2025Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChanges in autonomic nervous system function, characterized by heart rate variability (HRV), have been associated with infection and observed prior to its clinical identification.
objectiveWe performed an evaluation of HRV collected by a wearable device to identify and predict COVID-19 and its related symptoms.
methodsHealth care workers in the Mount Sinai Health System were prospectively followed in an ongoing observational study using the custom Warrior Watch Study app, which was downloaded to their smartphones. Participants wore an Apple Watch for the duration of the study, measuring HRV throughout the follow-up period. Surveys assessing infection and symptom-related questions were obtained daily.
resultsUsing a mixed-effect cosinor model, the mean amplitude of the circadian pattern of the standard deviation of the interbeat interval of normal sinus beats (SDNN), an HRV metric, differed between subjects with and without COVID-19 (P=.006). The mean amplitude of this circadian pattern differed between individuals during the 7 days before and the 7 days after a COVID-19 diagnosis compared to this metric during uninfected time periods (P=.01). Significant changes in the mean and amplitude of the circadian pattern of the SDNN was observed between the first day of reporting a COVID-19-related symptom compared to all other symptom-free days (P=.01).
conclusionsLongitudinally collected HRV metrics from a commonly worn commercial wearable device (Apple Watch) can predict the diagnosis of COVID-19 and identify COVID-19-related symptoms. Prior to the diagnosis of COVID-19 by nasal swab polymerase chain reaction testing, significant changes in HRV were observed, demonstrating the predictive ability of this metric to identify COVID-19 infection.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.