ReviewEnvironmental toxicology and chemistry2021
A Critical Review of Organic Ultraviolet Filter Exposure, Hazard, and Risk to Corals.
Review in Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- What are the toxicity thresholds of chemical pollutants for tropical reef-building corals? A systematic review.Environmental evidence · 2023Pooled it
- Carbon-rich carbon nitride for singlet-oxygen-driven photocatalytic degradation of benzophenone-3 and coral vitality recovery.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Environmental Fate of 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor: Adsorption Behavior on Textile-Derived Microplastic Fibers in Wastewater and Surface Water Systems.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Complete Characterization of Degradation Byproducts of Bemotrizinol and Degradation Pathway Associated with Sodium Hypochlorite Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparison of Near Infrared Spectra of Three Lichen Substances and Several Common Synthetic Organic Sunscreens.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- A review of ultraviolet filters and their impact on aquatic environments.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2025Review
- Sunscreens: A narrative review.Skin health and disease · 2024Review
- Ultraviolet Filters: Dissecting Current Facts and Myths.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Single-polyp metabolomics for coral health assessment.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Reality check: What can we expect from an ecological risk assessment of UV filters on coral reefs?Integrated environmental assessment and management · 2024Article
- Predicting the acute aquatic toxicity of organic UV filters used in cosmetic formulations.ADMET & DMPK · 2024Article
- Assessment of the photoprotective potential and structural characterization of secondary metabolites of Antarctic fungus Arthrinium sp.Archives of microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- The effects of UV filters on health and the environment.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023Review
- Seaweeds and Corals from the Brazilian Coast: Review on Biotechnological Potential and Environmental Aspects.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of oxybenzone and ocean acidification: new insight into vulnerable cellular processes in non-calcifying anthozoans.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Freshwater Environmental Risk Assessment of Down-the-Drain Octinoxate Emissions in the United States.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2022Review
- Article
- Development of a Survey of Sunscreen Use and Attitudes among Adults in Two Coastal States, 2019.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There has been a rapid increase in public, political, and scientific interest regarding the impact of organic ultraviolet (UV) filters to coral reefs. Such filters are found in sunscreens and other consumer products and enter the aquatic environment via direct (i.e., recreational activities, effluents) or indirect (i.e., land runoff) pathways. This review summarizes the current state of the science regarding the concentration of organic UV filters in seawater and sediment near coral reef ecosystems and in coral tissues, toxicological data from early and adult life stages of coral species, and preliminary environmental risk characterizations. Up to 14 different organic UV filters in seawater near coral reefs have been reported across 12 studies, with the majority of concentrations in the nanograms per liter range. Nine papers report toxicological findings from no response to a variety of biological effects occurring in the micrograms per liter to milligrams per liter range, in part given the wide variations in experimental design and coral species and/or life stage used. This review presents key findings; scientific data gaps; flaws in assumptions, practice, and inference; and a number of recommendations for future studies to assess the environmental risk of organic UV filters to coral reef ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:967-988. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.