ArticleJournal of neurovirology2021
Persistent COVID-19-associated neurocognitive symptoms in non-hospitalized patients.
Article in Journal of neurovirology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuropsychological deficits in patients with persistent COVID-19 symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Late neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection: New challenges for the neurologist.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Database and AI Diagnostic Tools Improve Understanding of Lung Damage, Correlation of Pulmonary Disease and Brain Damage in COVID-19.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 associated cognitive impairment: A systematic review.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Changes in cognitive functioning after COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Pooled it
- Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: The Persistent Symptoms at the Post-viral Stage of the Disease. A Systematic Review of the Current Data.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Persistent CD4Cellular immunology · 2026Article
- Screening for Neurocognitive Abilities Post-COVID (SNAP-COVID): Scale Development and Validation.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Impaired brain intrinsic connectivity in long COVID during cognitive exertion revealed by independent component analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The evolution of phonemic verbal fluency test: bridging tradition with contemporary insights.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Reduced cortical brain perfusion following COVID-19 infection: impact of COVID-19 severity and relation to memory performance.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune pathophysiology of long COVID.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Review
- Insights on the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying hippocampus-dependent memory impairment in COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and Cognitive Change in a Community-Based Cohort.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Long-COVID and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a preliminary comparison of neuropsychological performance.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Long COVID.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Article
- The Adaptive Role of Entorhinal Cortical Thickness in Post-COVID 19 Cognitive Impairment.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2025Article
- Review
- Altered functional brain connectivity, efficiency, and information flow associated with brain fog after mild to moderate COVID-19 infection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mount worldwide, attention is needed on potential long-term neurologic impacts for the majority of patients who experience mild to moderate illness managed as outpatients. To date, there has not been discussion of persistent neurocognitive deficits in patients with milder COVID-19. We present two cases of non-hospitalized patients recovering from COVID-19 with persistent neurocognitive symptoms. Commonly used cognitive screens were normal, while more detailed testing revealed working memory and executive functioning deficits. An observational cohort study of individuals recovering from COVID-19 (14 or more days following symptom onset) identified that among the first 100 individuals enrolled, 14 were non-hospitalized patients reporting persistent cognitive issues. These 14 participants had a median age of 39 years (interquartile range: 35-56), and cognitive symptoms were present for at least a median of 98 days (interquartile range: 71-120 following acute COVID-19 symptoms); no participants with follow-up evaluation reported symptom resolution. We discuss potential mechanisms to be explored in future studies, including direct viral effects, indirect consequences of immune activation, and immune dysregulation causing auto-antibody production.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.